Android Canvas 绘制小黄人

2020-07-07 15:47:36 浏览数 (1)

❝学习往往是枯燥的,如果能用一个有趣 Demo 来学习和练习技术,那对知识的掌握就会更牢固。我在学习 Canvas 绘制 API 的时候就是这样做的。 ❞

截图镇楼

效果图

我觉得这个绘制小黄人的自定义 View 就很有意思,也为我后来工作中的自定义 View 实现打下了良好的基础。虽然这是 4 年半以前写的文章,但是大部分关注我们的同学应该没看过,今天咱们一起来拷古翻新一下代码(程序员的事,怎么能叫炒冷饭呢,这明明是温故而知新)。以后有机会还会分享项目实用自定义 View,敬请关注。

实现步骤

其实很简单

  1. 首先找到一张小黄人的图
  2. 然后调用 canvas.drawBitmap() 后画到画布上 好吧,一点都不好笑 - -。

正文 ↓

准备工作

自定义MinionView extends View,定义以下成员变量,备用(可以先不看,后面的代码看到莫名其妙出来的变量再上来看下)

代码语言:javascript复制
private float bodyWidth;
private float bodyHeight;
private static final float BODY_SCALE = 0.6f; // 身体主干占整个view的比重
private static final float BODY_WIDTH_HEIGHT_SCALE = 0.6f; // 身体的比例设定为 w:h = 3:5

private float mStrokeWidth = 4; // 描边宽度
private float offset; // 计算时,部分需要 考虑描边偏移
private float radius; // 身体上下半圆的半径
private int colorClothes = Color.rgb(32, 116, 160); // 衣服的颜色
private int colorBody = Color.rgb(249, 217, 70); // 身体的颜色
private int colorStroke = Color.BLACK;
private RectF bodyRect = new RectF();
private float handsHeight;// 计算出吊带的高度时,可以用来做手的高度
private float footHeight; // 脚的高度,用来画脚部阴影时用

初始化参数

重写 onSizeChanged 方法,尺寸变化时初始化一下绘制的参数(会经常看到一些奇怪的数字,用做比例换算,别问我怎么来的,目测 一点点微调得来的- -。)

代码语言:javascript复制
private void initParams() {
    bodyWidth = Math.min(getWidth(), getHeight() * BODY_WIDTH_HEIGHT_SCALE) * BODY_SCALE;
    bodyHeight = Math.min(getWidth(), getHeight() * BODY_WIDTH_HEIGHT_SCALE) / BODY_WIDTH_HEIGHT_SCALE * BODY_SCALE;

    mStrokeWidth = Math.max(bodyWidth / 50, mStrokeWidth);
    offset = mStrokeWidth / 2;

    bodyRect.left = (getWidth() - bodyWidth) / 2;
    bodyRect.top = (getHeight() - bodyHeight) / 2;
    bodyRect.right = bodyRect.left   bodyWidth;
    bodyRect.bottom = bodyRect.top   bodyHeight;

    radius = bodyWidth / 2;
    footHeight = radius * 0.4333f; 

    handsHeight =  (getHeight()   bodyHeight) / 2     offset - radius * 1.65f;
}

绘制参数好了,接下来就是一步步绘制几何图形了

画身体

显然身体是一个矩形加上,上下半圆,这边只要用一个圆角矩形,然后圆角的弧度半径用身体宽度的一半就可以达到这个效果了。把身体的矩形外存起来,后面经常要用到其相对位置进行对其它部位的定位,代码如下:

代码语言:javascript复制
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    ...
    drawBody(canvas);       // 身体
    drawBodyStroke(canvas); // 最后画身体的描边,可以摭住一些过渡的棱角
}

private void drawBody(Canvas canvas) {
    mPaint.setColor(colorBody);
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

    canvas.drawRoundRect(bodyRect, radius, radius, mPaint);
}

private void drawBodyStroke(Canvas canvas) {
    mPaint.setColor(colorStroke);
    mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    canvas.drawRoundRect(bodyRect, radius, radius, mPaint);
}

画衣服

这是穿上裤子的样子

  • 首先画 底下的半圆
代码语言:javascript复制
rect.left = (getWidth() - bodyWidth) / 2   offset;
rect.top = (getHeight()   bodyHeight) / 2 - radius * 2   offset;
rect.right = rect.left   bodyWidth - offset * 2;
rect.bottom = rect.top   radius * 2 - offset * 2;

mPaint.setColor(colorClothes);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
canvas.drawArc(rect, 0, 180, true, mPaint);
  • 再画半圆上方的矩形, w 表示矩形离左边身体的距离,h 矩形的高
代码语言:javascript复制
int h = (int) (radius * 0.5);
int w = (int) (radius * 0.3);

rect.left  = w;
rect.top = rect.top   radius - h;
rect.right -= w;
rect.bottom = rect.top   h;

canvas.drawRect(rect, mPaint);
  • 上面的画完之后,要在衣服上面描一层黑色的边,用canvas.drawLines把线一条条画出来吧,这边要同时考虑画笔的描边宽度,否则会出现连接点有锯齿的感觉。( 2020 注:这是当时最直接的想法,现在来看用 Path 来绘制,每个点用 rLineTo 去连接,代码会简单得多。)
代码语言:javascript复制
mPaint.setColor(colorStroke);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
float[] pts = new float[20];// 5 条线

pts[0] = rect.left - w;
pts[1] = rect.top   h;
pts[2] = pts[0]   w;
pts[3] = pts[1];

pts[4] = pts[2];
pts[5] = pts[3]   offset;
pts[6] = pts[4];
pts[7] = pts[3] - h;

pts[8] = pts[6] - offset;
pts[9] = pts[7];
pts[10] = pts[8]   (radius - w) * 2;
pts[11] = pts[9];

pts[12] = pts[10];
pts[13] = pts[11] - offset;
pts[14] = pts[12];
pts[15] = pts[13]   h;

pts[16] = pts[14] - offset;
pts[17] = pts[15];
pts[18] = pts[16]   w;
pts[19] = pts[17];
canvas.drawLines(pts, mPaint);
  • 画吊带 就是一个直角梯形,把梯形的四个顶点计算出来,使用canvas.drawPath将其画上去,然后纽扣用一个实心的小圆表示
代码语言:javascript复制
// 画左吊带
path.reset();
path.moveTo(rect.left - w - offset, handsHeight);
path.lineTo(rect.left   h / 4f, rect.top   h / 2f);
final float smallW = w / 2f * (float) Math.sin(Math.PI / 4);
path.lineTo(rect.left   h / 4f   smallW, rect.top   h / 2f - smallW);
final float smallW2 = w / (float) Math.sin(Math.PI / 4) / 2;
path.lineTo(rect.left - w - offset, handsHeight - smallW2);
canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);

mPaint.setColor(colorStroke);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);
canvas.drawCircle(rect.left   h / 5f, rect.top   h / 4f, mStrokeWidth * 0.7f, mPaint);

// 画右吊带,代码差不多省略了,坐标对称
  • 画中间的口袋 是一个下面两边是圆角的圆角矩形,但是貌似不能直接画这样的圆角矩形,所以我就用土办法,不就是一个多边形吗,用canvas.drawPath来画,在圆角的地方添加圆弧过渡path.addArc
代码语言:javascript复制
path.reset();
float radiusBigPocket = w / 2.0f;
path.moveTo(rect.left   1.5f * w, rect.bottom - h / 4f);
path.lineTo(rect.right - 1.5f * w, rect.bottom - h / 4f);
path.lineTo(rect.right - 1.5f * w, rect.bottom   h / 4f);
path.addArc(rect.right - 1.5f * w - radiusBigPocket * 2, rect.bottom   h / 4f - radiusBigPocket,
        rect.right - 1.5f * w, rect.bottom   h / 4f   radiusBigPocket, 0, 90);
path.lineTo(rect.left   1.5f * w   radiusBigPocket, rect.bottom   h / 4f   radiusBigPocket);

path.addArc(rect.left   1.5f * w, rect.bottom   h / 4f - radiusBigPocket,
        rect.left   1.5f * w   2 * radiusBigPocket, rect.bottom   h / 4f   radiusBigPocket, 90, 90);
path.lineTo(rect.left   1.5f * w, rect.bottom - h / 4f - offset);
canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);    
  • 左右两个小口袋也直接用一个小弧来解决掉
代码语言:javascript复制
// 下边一竖,分开裤子
canvas.drawLine(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2, bodyRect.bottom - h * 0.8f, bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2, bodyRect.bottom, mPaint);
// 左边的小口袋
float radiusSmallPocket = w * 1.2f;
canvas.drawArc(bodyRect.left - radiusSmallPocket, bodyRect.bottom - radius - radiusSmallPocket,
       bodyRect.left   radiusSmallPocket, bodyRect.bottom - radius   radiusSmallPocket, 80, -60, false, mPaint);
// 右边小口袋
canvas.drawArc(bodyRect.right - radiusSmallPocket, bodyRect.bottom - radius - radiusSmallPocket,
        bodyRect.right   radiusSmallPocket, bodyRect.bottom - radius   radiusSmallPocket, 100, 60, false, mPaint);
  • 嗯,衣服画完了。
代码语言:javascript复制
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    ...
    drawClothes(canvas);//衣服
}

private void drawClothes(Canvas canvas) {
    //就是上面那一堆代码按顺序合起来啦。。。。。
}

画脚

脚这部分比较简单,从身体的下方,一个竖直的矩形下来,再加上一个左边圆角的圆角矩形,还是通过画Path来实现。

代码语言:javascript复制
private void drawFeet(Canvas canvas) {
    mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
    mPaint.setColor(colorStroke);
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);

    float radiusFoot = radius / 3 * 0.4f;
    float leftFootStartX = bodyRect.left   radius - offset * 2;
    float leftFootStartY = bodyRect.bottom - offset;
    float footWidthA = radius * 0.5f;//脚宽度大-到半圆结束
    float footWidthB = footWidthA / 3;//脚宽度-比较细的部分

    // 左脚
    path.reset();
    path.moveTo(leftFootStartX, leftFootStartY);
    path.lineTo(leftFootStartX, leftFootStartY   footHeight);
    path.lineTo(leftFootStartX - footWidthA   radiusFoot, leftFootStartY   footHeight);

    rect.left = leftFootStartX - footWidthA;
    rect.top = leftFootStartY   footHeight - radiusFoot * 2;
    rect.right = rect.left   radiusFoot * 2;
    rect.bottom = rect.top   radiusFoot * 2;
    path.addArc(rect, 90, 180);
    path.lineTo(rect.left   radiusFoot   footWidthB, rect.top);
    path.lineTo(rect.left   radiusFoot   footWidthB, leftFootStartY);
    path.lineTo(leftFootStartX, leftFootStartY);
    canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);

  // 右脚与左脚实现一致,坐标对称,代码略
}

画手

这里是双手放在后背的样子

手我用的是一个等腰直角三角形来实现,斜边就是吊带到裤子,从直角顶点作高到斜边,通过小直角三角形的直角边相等就可以算出顶点的坐标。这个时候还是有个圆角,刚开始我实现的时候是像上面那些通过path.addArc加上圆角,但是这边计算好之后和原来的衔接一直有问题,在调了半天之后,偶然发现mPaint.setPathEffect(new CornerPathEffect(radiusHand));这个方法,可以使path的拐角用圆角来过渡,一下子就简单到爆了,果然科学技术是第一生产力。

代码语言:javascript复制
private void drawHands(Canvas canvas) {
    ...       
    // 左手
    path.moveTo(bodyRect.left, handsHeight);
    path.lineTo(bodyRect.left - hypotenuse / 2, handsHeight   hypotenuse / 2);
    path.lineTo(bodyRect.left  offset, bodyRect.bottom - radius  offset);
    path.lineTo(bodyRect.left, handsHeight);
    canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);

    mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    mPaint.setColor(colorStroke);
    canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);

    // 右手略 ...
    // 手臂内侧拐点
    path.reset();
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    path.moveTo(bodyRect.left, handsHeight   hypotenuse / 2 - mStrokeWidth);
    path.lineTo(bodyRect.left - mStrokeWidth * 2, handsHeight   hypotenuse / 2   mStrokeWidth * 2);
    path.lineTo(bodyRect.left, handsHeight   hypotenuse / 2   mStrokeWidth);
    canvas.drawPath(path, mPaint);
    ...
 }

画眼睛,嘴巴

三个字,圆圆圆

反正就是各种画圆,或者弧形,嘴巴部分偷懒也就一条小弧一笔带过了,哈哈

代码语言:javascript复制
private void drawEyesMouth(Canvas canvas) {
    // 眼睛中心处于上半圆直径 往上的高度偏移
    float eyesOffset = radius * 0.1f;
    mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth * 5);

    // 计算眼镜带弧行的半径 分两段,以便眼睛中间有隔开的效果
    float radiusGlassesRibbon = (float) (radius / Math.sin(Math.PI / 20));
    rect.left = bodyRect.left   radius - radiusGlassesRibbon;
    rect.top = bodyRect.top   radius - (float) (radius / Math.tan(Math.PI / 20)) - radiusGlassesRibbon - eyesOffset;
    rect.right = rect.left   radiusGlassesRibbon * 2;
    rect.bottom = rect.top   radiusGlassesRibbon * 2;
    canvas.drawArc(rect, 81, 3, false, mPaint);
    canvas.drawArc(rect, 99, -3, false, mPaint);

    // 眼睛半径
    float radiusEyes = radius / 3;
    mPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
    mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2 - radiusEyes - offset, bodyRect.top   radius - eyesOffset, radiusEyes, mPaint);
    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2   radiusEyes   offset, bodyRect.top   radius - eyesOffset, radiusEyes, mPaint);

    mPaint.setColor(colorStroke);
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2 - radiusEyes - offset, bodyRect.top   radius - eyesOffset, radiusEyes, mPaint);
    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2   radiusEyes   offset, bodyRect.top   radius - eyesOffset, radiusEyes, mPaint);

    final float radiusEyeballBlack = radiusEyes / 3;
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2 - radiusEyes - offset, bodyRect.top   radius - eyesOffset, radiusEyeballBlack, mPaint);
    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2   radiusEyes   offset, bodyRect.top   radius - eyesOffset, radiusEyeballBlack, mPaint);

    mPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
    final float radiusEyeballWhite = radiusEyeballBlack / 2;
    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2 - radiusEyes   radiusEyeballWhite - offset * 2,
            bodyRect.top   radius - radiusEyeballWhite   offset - eyesOffset,
            radiusEyeballWhite, mPaint);
    canvas.drawCircle(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth / 2   radiusEyes   radiusEyeballWhite,
            bodyRect.top   radius - radiusEyeballWhite   offset - eyesOffset,
            radiusEyeballWhite, mPaint);

    // 画嘴巴,因为位置和眼睛有相对关系,所以写在一块
    mPaint.setColor(colorStroke);
    mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
    mPaint.setStrokeWidth(mStrokeWidth);
    float radiusMonth = radius;
    rect.left = bodyRect.left;
    rect.top = bodyRect.top - radiusMonth / 2.5f;
    rect.right = rect.left   radiusMonth * 2;
    rect.bottom = rect.top   radiusMonth * 2;
    canvas.drawArc(rect, 95, -20, false, mPaint);
}

脚下的阴影

这是最后一步了,直接画一个非常扁的椭圆放在脚下面就可以了

不科学啊,长这么胖,为毛影子这么瘦(别在意这些细节)

代码语言:javascript复制
private void drawFeetShadow(Canvas canvas) {
    mPaint.setColor(getResources().getColor(android.R.color.darker_gray));
    canvas.drawOval(bodyRect.left   bodyWidth * 0.15f,
            bodyRect.bottom - offset   footHeight,
            bodyRect.right - bodyWidth * 0.15f,
            bodyRect.bottom - offset   footHeight   mStrokeWidth * 1.3f, mPaint);
}

重写 onDraw 方法

按层级依次调用上述的各种方法,画完收工。

代码语言:javascript复制
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    drawFeetShadow(canvas); // 脚下的阴影
    drawFeet(canvas);       // 脚
    drawHands(canvas);      // 手
    drawBody(canvas);       // 身体
    drawClothes(canvas);    // 衣服
    drawEyesMouth(canvas);  // 眼睛,嘴巴
    drawBodyStroke(canvas); // 最后画身体的描边,可以摭住一些过渡的棱角
}

少了点什么?

画完了,好像少了点什么。。。。。对了,头发。好吧,我画的是程序猿,哪来的头发 - -

❝至此,正常画风的小黄人已经画完了,但是吧,好不容易画好,好像没啥意思,脑洞大开一下吧。电影中的小黄人中病毒后是会变成紫色的,那我们用代码画,换个颜色还不是分分钟,不但要紫色,还要各种颜色。 ❞

三行代码搞定脑洞

代码语言:javascript复制
public void randomBodyColor() {
    Random random = new Random();
    colorBody = Color.rgb(random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255), random.nextInt(255));
    invalidate();
}

然后效果就变成了这样。

看起来还有点小酷炫

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