直接上代码~
代码语言:javascript复制#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
const unsigned short SIZE_OF_BUFFER = 2; //缓冲区长度
unsigned short ProductID = 0; //产品号
unsigned short ConsumeID = 0; //将被消耗的产品号
unsigned short in = 0; //产品进缓冲区时的缓冲区下标
unsigned short out = 0; //产品出缓冲区时的缓冲区下标
int buffer[SIZE_OF_BUFFER]; //缓冲区是个循环队列
bool p_ccontinue = true; //控制程序结束
HANDLE Mutex; //用于线程间的互斥
HANDLE FullSemaphore; //当缓冲区满时迫使生产者等待
HANDLE EmptySemaphore; //当缓冲区空时迫使消费者等待
DWORD WINAPI Producer(LPVOID); //生产者线程
DWORD WINAPI Consumer(LPVOID); //消费者线程
int main() {
//创建各个互斥信号
//注意,互斥信号量和同步信号量的定义方法不同,互斥信号量调用的是 CreateMutex 函数,
//同步信号量调用的是 CreateSemaphore 函数,函数的返回值都是句柄。
Mutex = CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
EmptySemaphore = CreateSemaphore(NULL,SIZE_OF_BUFFER,SIZE_OF_BUFFER,NULL);
//将上句做如下修改,看看结果会怎样
//EmptySemaphore = CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,SIZE_OF_BUFFER-1,NULL);
FullSemaphore = CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,SIZE_OF_BUFFER,NULL);
//调整下面的数值,可以发现,当生产者个数多于消费者个数时,
//生产速度快,生产者经常等待消费者;反之,消费者经常等待
const unsigned short PRODUCERS_COUNT = 3; //生产者的个数
const unsigned short CONSUMERS_COUNT = 1; //消费者的个数
//总的线程数
const unsigned short THREADS_COUNT = PRODUCERS_COUNT CONSUMERS_COUNT;
HANDLE hThreads[THREADS_COUNT]; //各线程的 handle
DWORD producerID[PRODUCERS_COUNT]; //生产者线程的标识符
DWORD consumerID[CONSUMERS_COUNT]; //消费者线程的标识符
//创建生产者线程
for (int i=0; i<PRODUCERS_COUNT; i) {
hThreads[i]=CreateThread(NULL,0,Producer,NULL,0,&producerID[i]);
if (hThreads[i]==NULL) return -1;
}
//创建消费者线程
for (int i=0; i<CONSUMERS_COUNT; i) {
hThreads[PRODUCERS_COUNT i]=CreateThread(NULL,0,Consumer,NULL,0,&consumerID[i]);
if (hThreads[i]==NULL) return -1;
}
while(p_ccontinue) {
if(getchar()) { //按回车后终止程序运行
p_ccontinue = false;
}
}
return 0;
}
//生产一个产品。简单模拟了一下,仅输出新产品的 ID 号
void Produce() {
std::cout << std::endl<< "Producing " << ProductID << " ... ";
std::cout << "Succeed" << std::endl;
}
//把新生产的产品放入缓冲区
void Append() {
std::cerr << "Appending a product ... ";
buffer[in] = ProductID;
in = (in 1)%SIZE_OF_BUFFER;
std::cerr << "Succeed" << std::endl;
//输出缓冲区当前的状态
for (int i=0; i<SIZE_OF_BUFFER; i) {
std::cout << i <<": " << buffer[i];
if (i==in) std::cout << " <-- 生产";
if (i==out) std::cout << " <-- 消费";
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
//从缓冲区中取出一个产品
void Take() {
std::cerr << "Taking a product ... ";
ConsumeID = buffer[out];
buffer[out] = 0;
out = (out 1)%SIZE_OF_BUFFER;
std::cerr << "Succeed" << std::endl;
//输出缓冲区当前的状态
for (int i=0; i<SIZE_OF_BUFFER; i) {
std::cout << i <<": " << buffer[i];
if (i==in) std::cout << " <-- 生产";
if (i==out) std::cout << " <-- 消费";
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
//消耗一个产品
void Consume() {
std::cout << "Consuming " << ConsumeID << " ... ";
std::cout << "Succeed" << std::endl;
}
//生产者
DWORD WINAPI Producer(LPVOID lpPara) {
while(p_ccontinue) {
WaitForSingleObject(EmptySemaphore,INFINITE); //p(empty);
WaitForSingleObject(Mutex,INFINITE); //p(mutex);
Produce();
Append();
Sleep(1500);
ReleaseMutex(Mutex); //V(mutex);
ReleaseSemaphore(FullSemaphore,1,NULL); //V(full);
}
return 0;
}
//消费者
DWORD WINAPI Consumer(LPVOID lpPara) {
while(p_ccontinue) {
WaitForSingleObject(FullSemaphore,INFINITE); //P(full);
WaitForSingleObject(Mutex,INFINITE); //P(mutex);
Take();
Consume();
Sleep(1500);
ReleaseMutex(Mutex); //V(mutex);
ReleaseSemaphore(EmptySemaphore,1,NULL); //V(empty);
}
return 0;
}
- 运行结果&结论:
从运行结果中能看到,生产的速度大于消费,生产者就要经常等待;生产速度小于消费,消费者就需要经常等待。步骤3中,线程的第一个执行函数是Producer
,位于第三个参数。hThreads[i]=CreateThread(NULL,0,Producer,NULL,0,&producerID[i]);
- 步骤5 修改EmptySemaphore的初始化方法后结果:
- 步骤6
1. CreateMutex 中有几个参数,各代表什么含义。
根据MSDN中函数解析,可以得出CreateMutex中的参数分别代表
代码语言:javascript复制LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpMutexAttributes //代表安全属性指针
BOOL bInitialOwner //代表布尔bInitialOwner
LPCTSTR lpName //代表LPCTSTR类型lpName
2. CreateSemaphore 中有几个参数,各代表什么含义,信号量的初值在第几个参数中。
四个参数:1.安全性2.设置信号量的初始计数3.设置信号量的最大计数4.指定信号量对象的名称
3. 程序中 P、V 原语所对应的实际 Windows API 函数是什么,写出这几条语句。
P:Take() V:Append()
4. CreateMutex 能用 CreateSemaphore 替代吗?尝试修改程序 3-1,将信号量 Mutex 完全用CreateSemaphore 及相关函数实现。写出要修改的语句。
CreateMutex能用CreateSemaphore代替,
Mutex = CreateSemaphore(NULL, false, false, NULL);