可视化的展示方式可以使数据更易读,且容易看出一些数据下隐藏的“结果”,而添加注释则可以进一步聚焦到想重点展示的“信息”。
一 绘制基础图
代码语言:javascript复制library(ggplot2)
p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = wt, y = mpg))
geom_point()
更多参数ggplot2|详解八大基本绘图要素,主题ggplot2|theme主题设置,详解绘图优化-“精雕细琢”,图例ggplot2 |legend参数设置,图形精雕细琢 可参考。
二 添加“注释”
2.1 添加文字标签
1) 通过x y 指定标签的位置
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate("text", x = 4, y = 25, label = "add text",
color="orange",size = 5, angle=45, fontface="bold" )
2) 生成注释数据集,然后添加
代码语言:javascript复制annotation <- data.frame(
x = c(2,4),
y = c(20,25),
label = c("label 1", "label 2")
)
A:geom_text方式添加
代码语言:javascript复制p geom_text(data=annotation, aes( x=x, y=y, label=label))
B:geom_label方式添加
代码语言:javascript复制p geom_label(data=annotation, aes( x=x, y=y, label=label),
color="blue", size=5 , angle= 60, fontface="bold" )
如果待注释的text太多,可使用ggrepel包解决标签太多导致的重叠问题
ggplot2-plotly|让你的火山图“活”过来
2.2 点注释
1)添加点
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate(geom = "point", x = 4, y = 25, colour = "orange", size = 5)
2)更改原有点
对齐数据集中数据坐标即可
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate(geom = "point", x = 2.620, y = 21.0, colour = "red", size = 5)
3)想在原有点外加一个圈,怎么办呢?
代码语言:javascript复制p
annotate(geom = "point", x = 2.620, y = 21.0, colour = "red", size = 3)
annotate(geom = "point", x = 2.620, y = 21.0)
额,,我想到的是图层叠加,有其他办法的欢迎告知
。
4)pointrange添加点及range
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate("pointrange", x = 3.5, y = 20, ymin = 12, ymax = 28,
colour = "orange", size = 1.5, alpha=0.6)
2.3 线 , 矩形注释
1) 添加矩形,给出边的范围
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate("rect", xmin=2, xmax=3, ymin=20 , ymax=30,
alpha=0.2, color="blue", fill="blue")
2)添加线段,给出两端点位置
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate("segment", x = 1, xend = 3, y = 25, yend = 15,
colour = "purple", size=3, alpha=0.6)
3)线段加箭头,给出两端点位置
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate("segment", x = 2, xend = 4, y = 15, yend = 25,
colour = "pink", size=3, alpha=0.6,
arrow=arrow())
曲线加箭头?
代码语言:javascript复制p annotate("curve", x = 4, xend = 2.620, y = 30, yend = 21.0,
colour = "blue", curvature = .3, arrow = arrow(length = unit(2, "mm"))
) annotate(geom = "text", x = 4.1, y = 30.1, label = "关注这个点?", hjust = "left")
2.4 添加垂直线
代码语言:javascript复制p geom_hline(yintercept=25, color="orange", size=1) geom_vline(xintercept=3, color="orange", size=1)
2.5 添加轮廓图
代码语言:javascript复制library(ggforce)
library(concaveman)
ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy,col = cyl))
geom_point() geom_mark_hull(aes(label = cyl, group = cyl),
show.legend = FALSE, expand = unit(3, "mm"))
theme_no_axes()