访问Linux文件系统
- 文件系统:操作系统管理组织文件的方式 带日志
命令：mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
- 挂载: 文件系统必须挂载才可以使用。mount -t 文件系统类型 设备名 挂载点
- 挂载点：就是一个目录。
- 块设备 ：/dev/ （以下为文件名解释）
IDE /dev/hda 服务器： SCSI
SATA II 3Gb/s /dev/sda
SATA III 6Gb/s SSD 500MB/S /dev/sda 服务器： SAS
M.2 :2000MB/S 1800MB/S 399 480GB 3700MB/S 3000MB/s 706 500GB
/dev/sda ：第一块磁盘 /dev/sdb ： 第二块磁盘 /dev/sda1 第一块磁盘的第一个分区
虚拟化：
kvm: /dev/vda
vmware : /dev/sda
iscsi: /dev/sda- 磁盘分区表格式：
MBR ：master bootloader record: 主引导记录 ， 兼容性好， 各种操作系统都支持
缺点：
1）分区数量 ：15
2）磁盘支持最大 2TB
分区类型：4 主分区 ， 扩展分区：占用一个主分区的编号 ，逻辑分区 从 5开始 ，到 15
GPT: 支持 128个主分区 , PB级别
查看当前系统中的文件系统挂载：
查看目录或文件的磁盘空间占用大小：
本地文件系统类型：不能共享
linux: xfs , ext4 , ext3 windows: ntfs ,extfat , fat32 共享文件系统：GFS2 创建文件系统：mbr
查看新的磁盘设备：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@server1 /]# ls -l /dev/sdb*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Oct 20 14:20 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Oct 20 14:20 /dev/sdb1
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1310656 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5242624, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#挂载使用：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]# mkdir /mnt/disk1
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk1
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 969M 0 969M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 984M 0 984M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 984M 9.7M 974M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 984M 0 984M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root xfs 20G 4.0G 17G 20% /
/dev/mapper/rhel-tmp xfs 20G 180M 20G 1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/rhel-var xfs 50G 639M 50G 2% /var
/dev/mapper/rhel-home xfs 10G 113M 9.9G 2% /home
/dev/sda1 xfs 2.0G 161M 1.9G 8% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 197M 16K 197M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 197M 3.5M 194M 2% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 6.7G 6.7G 0 100% /mnt/iso
/dev/sdb1 xfs 20G 176M 20G 1% /mnt/disk1
[root@server1 /]#GPT分区
一 分区模式之MBR 1、主分区不超过4个 2、单个分区容量最大2TB 二 分区模式之GPT 1、主分区个数“几乎”没有限制。 在GPT的分区表中最多支持128个主分区。 2、单个分区容量“几乎”没有限制。 在GPT的分区模式中，每个分区的大小突破了MBR分区2TB限制。 来源：https://blog.csdn.net/chengqiuming/article/details/78601872
创建一个gpt分区的文件系统:
代码语言：javascript复制[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
The size of this disk is 3 TiB (3221225472000 bytes). DOS partition table format cannot be used on drives for volumes larger than 2199023255040 bytes for 512-byte sectors. Use GUID partition table format (GPT).
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf52bc711.
Command (m for help):创建GPT分区：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]# gdisk /dev/sdc
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
Partition table scan:
MBR: not present
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
Creating new GPT entries.
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-6291455966, default = 2048) or { -}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-6291455966, default = 6291455966) or { -}size{KMGTP}: 10G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 6291456000 sectors, 2.9 TiB
Model: VMware Virtual S
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 5CE0812B-FCFB-4D02-B06A-8308F8E66CA3
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 6291455966
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 6270484413 sectors (2.9 TiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 20973567 10.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc.
The operation has completed successfully.
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]#
[root@server1 /]# gdisk /dev/sdc
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
.....(懒)KVM虚拟化
KVM 全称:kernel-base virtual machine
启动服务:
代码语言：javascript复制[root@ropu ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
[root@ropu ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@ropu ~]#
[root@ropu ~]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor pr>
Active: active (running) since Sun 2019-10-20 15:55:48 CST; 2min 4s ago
Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
https://libvirt.org
Main PID: 2690 (libvirtd)
Tasks: 19 (limit: 32768)
Memory: 60.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
├─2084 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/defaul>
├─2086 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/defaul>
└─2690 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
Oct 20 15:55:48 ropu.example.com systemd[1]: Starting Virtualization daemon...
Oct 20 15:55:48 ropu.example.com systemd[1]: Started Virtualization daemon.
Oct 20 15:55:49 ropu.example.com dnsmasq[2084]: read /etc/hosts - 2 addresses
Oct 20 15:55:49 ropu.example.com dnsmasq[2084]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/d>
Oct 20 15:55:49 ropu.example.com dnsmasq-dhcp[2084]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsm>安装图形化工具：virt-manager
代码语言：javascript复制[root@ropu ~]# yum -y install virt-manager
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:54 ago on Sun 20 Oct 2019 03:50:50 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
===============================================================================
Installing:
virt-manager noarch 2.0.0-5.1.el8 AppStream 365 k
Installing dependencies:
python3-libvirt x86_64 4.5.0-2.module_el8.0.0 189 f9babebb AppStream 291 k
virt-manager-common
noarch 2.0.0-5.1.el8 AppStream 921 k
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 1.5 M
Installed size: 8.4 M
Downloading Packages:安装完直接输入命令就可以了
安装cockpit webui管理工具：(插件)
代码语言：javascript复制yum -y install cockpit-machines.noarch subscription-manager-cockpit.noarch
启动后，浏览器输入 ip <端口号9090>
输入账号密码
