C++核心准则T.10:为所有的模板参数定义概念

2020-08-27 15:56:15 浏览数 (1)

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T.10: Specify concepts for all template arguments

T.10:为所有的模板参数定义概念

Reason(原因)

Correctness and readability. The assumed meaning (syntax and semantics) of a template argument is fundamental to the interface of a template. A concept dramatically improves documentation and error handling for the template. Specifying concepts for template arguments is a powerful design tool.

正确性和可读性。一个模板参数的假定含义(语法和语义)是模板接口的基础。概念大幅度改善了模板的文档化和错误处理。为模板参数定义概念是一个强有力的设计工具。

Example(实例)

代码语言:javascript复制
template<typename Iter, typename Val>
//    requires Input_iterator<Iter>
//             && Equality_comparable<Value_type<Iter>, Val>
Iter find(Iter b, Iter e, Val v)
{
    // ...
}

or equivalently and more succinctly:

或者使用下面功能等价但更简洁的方式:

代码语言:javascript复制
template<Input_iterator Iter, typename Val>
//    requires Equality_comparable<Value_type<Iter>, Val>
Iter find(Iter b, Iter e, Val v)
{
    // ...
}
Note(注意)

"Concepts" are defined in an ISO Technical Specification: concepts. A draft of a set of standard-library concepts can be found in another ISO TS: ranges Concepts are supported in GCC 6.1 and later. Consequently, we comment out uses of concepts in examples; that is, we use them as formalized comments only. If you use GCC 6.1 or later, you can uncomment them:

“概念”被ISO技术规格:concepts定义。一套标准库concepts的初步版本可以在另一个ISO技术规格:ranges中找到。GCC6.1以后都支持concepts。因此我们在实例代码中注释掉使用concepts的部分;也就是说我们只是将它们用作标准的注释。如果你使用GCC6.1之后的版本,可以打开注释。

template<typename Iter, typename Val>

代码语言:javascript复制
    requires Input_iterator<Iter>
           && Equality_comparable<Value_type<Iter>, Val>
Iter find(Iter b, Iter e, Val v)
{
    // ...
}
Note(注意)

Plain typename (or auto) is the least constraining concept. It should be used only rarely when nothing more than "it's a type" can be assumed. This is typically only needed when (as part of template metaprogramming code) we manipulate pure expression trees, postponing type checking.

直接的类型名(或auto)是最小约束的概念。它应该被极少使用,仅限于表现“它是一个类型”。这通常只在我们操作纯表达式树,延迟类型检查时有(作为模板元编程的一部分)存在的必要。

References: TC PL4, Palo Alto TR, Sutton

参见:TC PL4, Palo Alto TR, Sutton

Enforcement(实施建议)

Flag template type arguments without concepts

标记没有使用概念的模板类型参数。

原文链接

https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#t10-specify-concepts-for-all-template-arguments

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