偶然看到网上国家统计数据，利用Python数据分析自己做了几种图表练习。主要采用Pandas来做数据统计，matplotlib来做图表可视化。
下面图表数据来源于网络。
堆叠柱状图
代码如下：
代码语言：python代码运行次数：0复制import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib.patches import Patch
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
plt.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif'
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']='SimHei'
df=pd.read_excel('d:/网络收集数据.xlsx')
df2=pd.read_excel('d:/网络收集数据.xlsx',1)
width = 0.35 # the width of the bars: can also be len(x) sequence
df2.set_index('城市名',inplace=True)
citys=['郑州市', '开封市', '鹤壁市', '新乡市', '焦作市', '濮阳市','安阳市' ]
def getPlot(city):
df=df2.loc[city]
df.reset_index(inplace=True)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,6))
labels=df.月份.map(lambda x:str(x) '月')
y1=df['2018年二氧化硫_省辖市'].apply(round)
y2=df['2018年氮氧化物_省辖市'].apply(round)
y3=df['2018年烟尘_省辖市'].apply(round)
y21=df['2019年二氧化硫_省辖市'].apply(round)
y22=df['2019年氮氧化物_省辖市'].apply(round)
y23=df['2019年烟尘_省辖市'].apply(round)
x = np.arange(len(labels)) # the label locations
rects1=ax.bar(x-width/2.0, y1, width, label='二氧化硫',color="tab:blue",linewidth=18)
rects2=ax.bar(x-width/2.0,y2 , width, bottom=y1,label='氮氧化物',color="tab:orange")
rects3=ax.bar(x-width/2.0,y3 , width, bottom=y2 y1,label='烟尘',color="tab:green")
rects11=ax.bar(x width/2.0 0.04, y21, width, label='二氧化硫',color="tab:blue")
rects22=ax.bar(x width/2.0 0.04,y22 , width, bottom=y21,label='氮氧化物',color="tab:orange")
rects33=ax.bar(x width/2.0 0.04,y23 , width, bottom=y22 y21, label='烟尘',color="tab:green")
ax.set_ylabel('吨')
title='2018-2019年%s排放情况'%(city)
ax.set_title(title)
plt.xticks(x,labels)
yy=np.array([y1,y2,y3])
yy2=yy.cumsum(0)
yyy=np.array([y21,y22,y23])
yyy2=yyy.cumsum(0)
def autolabel1(rects,rectIndex):
"""Attach a text label above each bar in *rects*, displaying its height."""
for i,rect in enumerate(rects):
height = (yy2[rectIndex-1][i] if rectIndex >0 else 0) yy[rectIndex][i]/2.0
value=yy[rectIndex][i]
ax.annotate('{}'.format(value),
xy=(rect.get_x() rect.get_width() / 2, height-5),
xytext=(0, 3), # 3 points vertical offset
textcoords="offset points",
ha='center', va='bottom')
def autolabel2(rects,rectIndex):
"""Attach a text label above each bar in *rects*, displaying its height."""
for i,rect in enumerate(rects):
height = (yyy2[rectIndex-1][i] if rectIndex >0 else 0) yyy[rectIndex][i]/2.0
value=yyy[rectIndex][i]
ax.annotate('{}'.format(value),
xy=(rect.get_x() rect.get_width() / 2, height-5),
xytext=(0, 3), # 3 points vertical offset
textcoords="offset points",
ha='center', va='bottom')
autolabel1(rects1,0)
autolabel1(rects2,1)
autolabel1(rects3,2)
autolabel2(rects11,0)
autolabel2(rects22,1)
autolabel2(rects33,2)
#ax.legend([rects1,rects2,rects3],['二氧化硫', '氮氧化物', '烟尘'])
#ax2.legend([p1,p2],['2018年SO2监测值','2019年SO2监测值'])
legend_elements = [
Patch(facecolor='tab:blue', edgecolor='b',label='二氧化硫'),
Patch(facecolor='tab:orange', edgecolor='b',label='氮氧化物'),
Patch(facecolor='tab:green', edgecolor='b',label='烟尘'),
]
ax.legend(handles=legend_elements, loc='best')
plt.savefig(title '.png')
for city in citys:
print(city)
getPlot(city)
