Startup原语及其约束
fpga掉电丢失，一般使用外部flash存储代码，flash有spi、bpi、qspi等接口，外部存储器的时钟管脚一般与fpga的CCLK_0连接，当使用远程更新时，首先fpga内部有控制flash的驱动（即逻辑控制flash时序），当然flash时钟也需要控制了，但这时时钟管脚已经连接到CCLK_0，那该如何操作啊，你直接约束分配管脚试试，是通不过的，这时STARTUPE2就派上用场了，那该如何使用啊，如下（K7系列verilog）：
STARTUPE2 #( .PROG_USR("FALSE"), // Activate program event security feature. Requires encrypted bitstreams. .SIM_CCLK_FREQ(0.0) // Set the Configuration Clock Frequency(ns) for simulation ) STARTUPE2_inst ( .CFGCLK(), // 1-bit output: Configuration main clock output .CFGMCLK(), // 1-bit output: Configuration internal oscillator clock output .EOS(), // 1-bit output: Active high output signal indicating the End Of Startup. .PREQ(), // 1-bit output: PROGRAM request to fabric output .CLK(0), // 1-bit input: User start-up clock input .GSR(0), // 1-bit input: Global Set/Reset input (GSR cannot be used for the port name) .GTS(0), // 1-bit input: Global 3-state input (GTS cannot be used for the port name) .KEYCLEARB(1), // 1-bit input: Clear AES Decrypter Key input from Battery-Backed RAM (BBRAM) .PACK(1), // 1-bit input: PROGRAM acknowledge input .USRCCLKO(flash_clk), // 1-bit input: User CCLK input .USRCCLKTS(0), // 1-bit input: User CCLK 3-state enable input .USRDONEO(1), // 1-bit input: User DONE pin output control .USRDONETS(1) // 1-bit input: User DONE 3-state enable outpu );
其中flash_clk就是你时序控制的flash时钟信号，连接到这就行了，其它的不需要改动，也无需约束此管脚（因为此管脚不需要在顶层作为输出信号了）。
约束如下：
set cclk_delay 6.7
# Following are the SPI device parameters
# Max Tco
set tco_max 7
# Min Tco
set tco_min 1
# Setup time requirement
set tsu 2
# Hold time requirement
set th 3
# Following are the board/trace delay numbers
# Assumption is that all Data lines are matched
set tdata_trace_delay_max 0.25
set tdata_trace_delay_min 0.25
set tclk_trace_delay_max 0.2
set tclk_trace_delay_min 0.2
### End of user provided delay numbers
# This is to ensure min routing delay from SCK generation to STARTUP input
# User should change this value based on the results
# Having more delay on this net reduces the Fmax
# Following constraint should be commented when the STARTUP block is disabled
set_max_delay 1.5 -from [get_pins -hier *SCK_O_reg_reg/C] -to [get_pins -hier *USRCCLKO] -datapath_only
set_min_delay 0.1 -from [get_pins -hier *SCK_O_reg_reg/C] -to [get_pins -hier *USRCCLKO]
# Following command creates a divide by 2 clock
# It also takes into account the delay added by the STARTUP block to route the CCLK
# This constraint is not needed when the STARTUP block is disabled
# The following constraint should be commented when the STARTUP block is disabled
create_generated_clock -name clk_sck -source [get_pins -hierarchical *axi_quad_spi_1/ext_spi_clk] [get_pins -hierarchical *USRCCLKO] -edges {3 5 7} -edge_shift [list $cclk_delay $cclk_delay $cclk_delay]
# Enable the following constraint when STARTUP block is disabled
#create_generated_clock -name clk_virt -source [get_pins -hierarchical *axi_quad_spi_1/ext_spi_clk] [get_ports <SCK_IO>] -edges {3 5 7}
# Data is captured into FPGA on the second rising edge of ext_spi_clk after the SCK falling edge
# Data is driven by the FPGA on every alternate rising_edge of ext_spi_clk
set_input_delay -clock clk_sck -max [expr $tco_max $tdata_trace_delay_max $tclk_trace_delay_max] [get_ports IO*_IO] -clock_fall;
set_input_delay -clock clk_sck -min [expr $tco_min $tdata_trace_delay_min $tclk_trace_delay_min] [get_ports IO*_IO] -clock_fall;
set_multicycle_path 2 -setup -from clk_sck -to [get_clocks -of_objects [get_pins -hierarchical */ext_spi_clk]]
set_multicycle_path 1 -hold -end -from clk_sck -to [get_clocks -of_objects [get_pins -hierarchical */ext_spi_clk]]
# Data is captured into SPI on the following rising edge of SCK
# Data is driven by the IP on alternate rising_edge of the ext_spi_clk
set_output_delay -clock clk_sck -max [expr $tsu $tdata_trace_delay_max - $tclk_trace_delay_min] [get_ports IO*_IO];
set_output_delay -clock clk_sck -min [expr $tdata_trace_delay_min -$th - $tclk_trace_delay_max] [get_ports IO*_IO];
set_multicycle_path 2 -setup -start -from [get_clocks -of_objects [get_pins -hierarchical */ext_spi_clk]] -to clk_sck
set_multicycle_path 1 -hold -from [get_clocks -of_objects [get_pins -hierarchical */ext_spi_clk]] -to clk_sck
