su：Swith user 切换用户，切换到root用户 cat: Concatenate 串联 uname: Unix name 系统名称 df: Disk free 空余硬盘 du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率 chown: Change owner 改变所有者 chgrp: Change group 改变用户组 ps：Process Status 进程状态 tar：Tape archive 解压文件 chmod: Change mode 改变模式 umount: Unmount 卸载 ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依 insmod：Install module 安装模块 rmmod：Remove module 删除模块 lsmod：List module 列表模块 alias :Create your own name for a command bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell linux内核 grep:global regular expression print httpd :Start Apache ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts reboot: Restart your computer sudo:Superuser do /bin = BINaries /dev = DEVices /etc = ETCetera /lib = LIBrary /proc = PROCesses /sbin = Superuser BINaries /tmp = TeMPorary /usr = Unix Shared Resources /var = VARiable ? FIFO = First In, First Out GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader IFS = Internal Field Seperators LILO = LInux LOader MySQL = My最初作者的名字SQL = Structured Query Language PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor PS = Prompt String Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" Python Monty Python's Flying Circus Tcl = Tool Command Language Tk = ToolKit VT = Video Terminal YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool apache = "a patchy" server apt = Advanced Packaging Tool ar = archiver as = assembler bash = Bourne Again SHell bc = Basic (Better) Calculator bg = BackGround cal = CALendar cat = CATenate cd = Change Directory chgrp = CHange GRouP chmod = CHange MODe chown = CHange OWNer chsh = CHange SHell cmp = compare cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture comm = common cp = CoPy cpio = CoPy In and Out cpp = C Pre Processor cups = Common Unix Printing System cvs = Current Version System daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor dc = Desk Calculator dd = Disk Dump df = Disk Free diff = DIFFerence dmesg = diagnostic message du = Disk Usage ed = editor egrep = Extended GREP elf = Extensible Linking Format elm = ELectronic Mail emacs = Editor MACroS eval = EVALuate ex = EXtended exec = EXECute fd = file descriptors fg = ForeGround fgrep = Fixed GREP fmt = format fsck = File System ChecK fstab = FileSystem TABle fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager gawk = GNU AWK gpg = GNU Privacy Guard groff = GNU troff hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer joe = Joe's Own Editor ksh = Korn SHell lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder lex = LEXical analyser lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses ln = LiNk lpr = Line PRint ls = list lsof = LiSt Open Files m4 = Macro processor Version 4 man = MANual pages mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK mc = Midnight Commander mkfs = MaKe FileSystem mknod = MaKe NODe motd = Message of The Day mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa mtab = Mount TABle mv = MoVe nano = Nano's ANOther editor nawk = New AWK nl = Number of Lines nm = names nohup = No HangUP nroff = New ROFF od = Octal Dump passwd = PASSWorD pg = pager pico = PIne's message COmposition editor pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" ping = Packet InterNet Grouper pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability popd = POP Directory pr = pre printf = PRINT Formatted ps = Processes Status pty = pseudo tty pushd = PUSH Directory pwd = Print Working Directory rc = runcom = run command, shell rev = REVerse rm = ReMove rn = Read News roff = RunOFF rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager rsh, rlogin, = Remote rxvt = ouR XVT sed = Stream EDitor seq = SEQuence shar = SHell ARchive slrn = S-Lang rn ssh = Secure SHell ssl = Secure Sockets Layer stty = Set TTY su = Substitute User svn = SubVersioN tar = Tape ARchive tcsh = TENEX C shell telnet = TEminaL over Network termcap = terminal capability terminfo = terminal information tr = traslate troff = Typesetter new ROFF tsort = Topological SORT tty = TeleTypewriter twm = Tom's Window Manager tz = TimeZone udev = Userspace DEV ulimit = User's LIMIT umask = User's MASK uniq = UNIQue vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient vim = Vi IMproved wall = write all wc = Word Count wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator xargs = eXtended ARGuments xdm = X Display Manager xlfd = X Logical Font Description xmms = X Multimedia System xrdb = X Resources DataBase xwd = X Window Dump yacc = yet another compiler compiler
File/Directory Basics
ls List files
cp Copy files
mv Rename files
rm Delete files
ln Link files
cd Change directory
pwd Print current directory
name
mkdir Create directory
rmdir Delete directory
File Viewing
cat View files
less Page through files
head View file beginning
tail View file ending
nl Number lines
od View binary data
xxd View binary data
gv View Postscript/PDF files
xdvi View TeX DVI files
File Creation and Editing
emacs Text editor
vim Text editor
umask Set default file
protections
soffice Edit Word/Excel/
PowerPoint docs
abiword Edit Word documents
gnumeric Edit Excel documents
File Properties
stat Display file attributes
wc Count bytes/words/lines
du Measure disk usage
file Identify file types
touch Change file timestamps
chown Change file owner
chgrp Change file group
chmod Change file protections
chattr Change advanced file
attributes
lsattr List advanced file
attributes
File Location
find Locate files
slocate Locate files via index
which Locate commands
whereis Locate standard files
File Text Manipulation
grep Search text for matching
lines
cut Extract columns
paste Append columns
tr Translate characters
sort Sort lines
uniq Locate identical lines
tee Copy stdin to a file and
to stdout simultaneously
File Compression
gzip Compress files
(GNU Zip)
compress Compress files (Unix)
bzip2 Compress files (BZip2)
zip Compress files
(Windows Zip)
File Comparison
diff Compare files line by line
comm Compare sorted files
cmp Compare files byte
by byte
md5sum Compute checksums
Disks and Filesystems
df Show free disk space
mount Make a disk accessible
fsck Check a disk for errors
sync Flush disk caches
Backups and Remote Storage
mt Control a tape drive
dump Back up a disk
restore Restore a dump
tar Read/write tape archives
cdrecord Burn a CD
rsync Mirror a set of files
apt = Advanced Packaging Tool ar = archiver as = assembler awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母 bash = Bourne Again SHell bc = Basic (Better) Calculator bg = BackGround bin = BINaries（binary) cal = CALendar calendar cat = CATenate cd = Change Directory chgrp = CHange GRouP chmod = CHange MODe chown = CHange OWNer chsh = CHange SHell cmp = compare cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture comm = common cp = CoPy cpio = CoPy In and Out cpp = C Pre Processor cron = Chronos 希腊文时间 cups = Common Unix Printing System cvs = Current Version System daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor dc = Desk Calculator dd = Disk Dump df = Disk Free diff = DIFFerence dmesg = diagnostic message du = Disk Usage ed = editor egrep = Extended GREP elf = Extensible Linking Format elm = ELectronic Mail emacs = Editor MACroS eval = EVALuate ex = EXtended exec = EXECute/dev = devices fd = file descriptors fg = ForeGround fgrep = Fixed GREP Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell fmt = format fsck = File System ChecK fstab = FileSystem TABle FIFO = First In, First Out gawk = GNU AWK gpg = GNU Privacy Guard groff = GNU troff GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer IFS = Internal Field Seperators joe = Joe's Own Editor ksh = Korn SHell lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder lex = LEXical analyser lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses ln = LiNk lpr = Line PRint ls = list lsof = LiSt Open Files LILO = LInux LOader m4 = Macro processor Version 4 man = MANual pages mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK mc = Midnight Commander MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions mkfs = MaKe FileSystem mknod = MaKe NODe motd = Message of The Day mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa mtab = Mount TABle mv = MoVe nano = Nano's ANOther editor nawk = New AWK nl = Number of Lines nm = names nohup = No HangUP nroff = New ROFF od = Octal Dump passwd = PASSWorD pg = pager pico = PIne's message COmposition editor pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" ping = Packet InterNet Groper pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability popd = POP Directory pr = pre printf = PRINT Formatted ps = Processes Status pty = pseudo tty pushd = PUSH Directory pwd = Print Working Directory rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell rev = REVerse rm = ReMove rn = Read News roff = RunOFF rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote rxvt = ouR XVT sed = Stream EDitor seq = SEQuence shar = SHell ARchive slrn = S-Lang rn ssh = Secure SHell ssl = Secure Sockets Layer stty = Set TTY su = Substitute User 或 Switch User（前者较常见） sudo = superuser / substitue user do svn = SubVersioN tar = Tape ARchive tcsh = TENEX C shell tee = T (T形水管接口) telnet = TEminaL over Network termcap = terminal capability terminfo = terminal information tex = 希腊文art tr = traslate troff = Typesetter new ROFF tsort = Topological SORT tty = TeleTypewriter twm = Tom's Window Manager tz = TimeZone udev = Userspace DEV ulimit = User's LIMIT umask = User's MASK uniq = UNIQue vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient vim = Vi IMproved wall = write all wc = Word Count wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator xargs = eXtended ARGuments xdm = X Display Manager xlfd = X Logical Font Description xmms = X Multimedia System xrdb = X Resources DataBase xwd = X Window Dump yacc = yet another compiler compiler YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool 附部分目录的全称： /dev = devices /etc = ETCetera etcetera /lib = LIBrary /proc = PROCesses /sbin = Superuser BINaries /tmp = TeMPorary /usr = Unix Shared Resources /var = VARiable
man: Manual 意思是手册，可以用这个命令查询其他命令的用法。
pwd：Print working directory 意思是密码。
su：Swith user 切换用户，切换到root用户
cd：Change directory 切换目录
ls：List files 列出目录下的文件
ps：Process Status 进程状态
mkdir：Make directory 建立目录
rmdir：Remove directory 移动目录
mkfs: Make file system 建立文件系统
fsck：File system check 文件系统检查
cat: Concatenate 串联
uname: Unix name 系统名称
df: Disk free 空余硬盘
du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率
lsmod: List modules 列表模块
mv: Move file 移动文件
rm: Remove file 删除文件
cp: Copy file 复制文件
ln: Link files 链接文件
fg: Foreground 前景
bg: Background 背景
chown: Change owner 改变所有者
chgrp: Change group 改变用户组
chmod: Change mode 改变模式
umount: Unmount 卸载
dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”，所以命名为“dd”
tar：Tape archive 解压文件
ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依
insmod：Install module 安装模块
rmmod：Remove module 删除模块
lsmod：List module 列表模块
