前言: 前沿技术一直在迭代,有一种东西是不会更新的,那就是设计模式的思想。 可以来学习学习设计模式的思维,巧妙设计! 工厂模式最简单,但对于OCP最为提现!
一、官方话语
概述
设计模式(Design Pattern)是一套被反复使用、多数人知晓的、经过分类的、代码设计经验的总结。
六大原则
- 单一职责原则 (Single ResponsiBility Principle) 概括:应该有且仅有一个原因引起类的变更
- 里氏替换原则(liskov Substitution Principle ) 概括:基类出现的地方,子类一定可以出现
- 依赖倒转原则(Depndece Inversion Principle) 概括:针对接口编程,依赖于抽象而不是具体
- 接口隔离原则(Interface Segregation Principle) 概括:使用多个隔离的接口,比使用单个接口好 (细分接口,降低耦合)
- 迪米特法则 (Demeter Principle) 概括:实体应当尽量少的与其他类发生互相作用,使得系统功能模块相对独立
- 开闭原则(Open Close Principle) 概括: 对扩展开放,对修改关闭
二、个人解读
概述
设计模式在代码层级中,是让你在某种业务场景刚开始设计时,能让未来的相关需求扩展极为方便的一个思想。
简单的说,在一开始设计好,扩展是很方便的,设计模式就是这个功劳者
。
对于我们本来就懒的开发人员来说,这是求之不得
的。
六大原则
而对于六大原则,简单过一下就行,不用刻意理解,如果你会了面向对象和设计模式的使用
,自然就遵循了。
三、今日主题
工厂方法模式: 概述:定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类,工厂方法使一个类的初始化延迟至其子类
场景
火锅店,任何一个订单,都会生成一个订单,订单包含着什么样的火锅对象。创建工程来做案例
概述
比较简单,需要什么对象,用什么工厂的实现,参照代码。(附:简单工厂代码)
相关代码
简单工厂模式
代码语言:javascript复制package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 火锅抽象对象组件
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:18
*/
public abstract class HotPot {
/**
* 肉
*/
protected String meat;
/**
* 菜
*/
protected String greens;
/**
* 底料
*/
protected String material;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 每类火锅需要哪些肉,菜,底料等。
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:20
*/
public abstract String prepare();
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 区分不同对象
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:29
*/
public void display() {
System.out.println(this.meat this.greens this.material);
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 1类 火锅
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:18
*/
public class OneHotPot extends HotPot {
public OneHotPot() {
this.meat = "oneMeat";
this.greens = "oneGreens";
this.material = "oneMaterial";
}
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 每类火锅需要哪些肉,菜,底料等。
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:20
*/
@Override
public String prepare() {
return this.getClass() "prepare----------";
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 2类 火锅
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:18
*/
public class TwoHotPot extends HotPot {
public TwoHotPot() {
this.meat = "twoMeat";
this.greens = "twoGreens";
this.material = "twoMaterial";
}
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 每类火锅需要哪些肉,菜,底料等。
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:20
*/
@Override
public String prepare() {
return this.getClass() "prepare----------";
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.factory;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.HotPot;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.OneHotPot;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.TwoHotPot;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 建造对象
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:33
*/
public class HotPotFactory {
/**
* 对象类型
*/
public static final int ONE_TYPE = 1;
public static final int TW0_TYPE = 2;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 对象逻辑设定
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:35
*/
public HotPot createHotPot(int type) {
if (type == ONE_TYPE) {
return new OneHotPot();
} else if (type == TW0_TYPE) {
return new TwoHotPot();
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.creater;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.HotPot;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.factory.HotPotFactory;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 商店
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:40
*/
public class HotPotStore {
/**
* 组合工厂对象
*/
private HotPotFactory hotPotFactory;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 初始化工厂对象
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:45
*/
public HotPotStore(HotPotFactory hotPotFactory) {
this.hotPotFactory = hotPotFactory;
}
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 暴露订单
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:45
*/
public void orderHotPot(int type) {
HotPot hotPot = this.hotPotFactory.createHotPot(type);
hotPot.prepare();
hotPot.display();
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.creater.HotPotStore;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.factory.HotPotFactory;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 简单工厂测试
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:24
*/
public class SimpleFactoryTest {
@Test
public void test1() {
HotPotStore hotPotStore = new HotPotStore(new HotPotFactory());
hotPotStore.orderHotPot(HotPotFactory.ONE_TYPE);
hotPotStore.orderHotPot(HotPotFactory.TW0_TYPE);
}
}
抽象工厂模式
代码语言:javascript复制package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.beans;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 火锅抽象对象组件
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:18
*/
public abstract class HotPot {
/**
* 肉
*/
protected String meat;
/**
* 菜
*/
protected String greens;
/**
* 底料
*/
protected String material;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 每类火锅需要哪些肉,菜,底料等。
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:20
*/
public abstract String prepare();
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 区分不同对象
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:29
*/
public void display() {
System.out.println(this.meat this.greens this.material);
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.beans;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 1类 火锅
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:18
*/
public class OneHotPot extends HotPot {
public OneHotPot() {
this.meat = "oneMeat";
this.greens = "oneGreens";
this.material = "oneMaterial";
}
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 每类火锅需要哪些肉,菜,底料等。
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:20
*/
@Override
public String prepare() {
return this.getClass() "prepare----------";
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.beans;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 2类 火锅
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:18
*/
public class TwoHotPot extends HotPot {
public TwoHotPot() {
this.meat = "twoMeat";
this.greens = "twoGreens";
this.material = "twoMaterial";
}
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 每类火锅需要哪些肉,菜,底料等。
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:20
*/
@Override
public String prepare() {
return this.getClass() "prepare----------";
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.creater;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.HotPot;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 商店
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:40
*/
public abstract class HotPotStore {
/**
* 暴露
*/
public void orderHotPot() {
/**
*调用具体创建者
*/
HotPot hotPot = this.createHotPot();
hotPot.prepare();
hotPot.display();
}
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 抽象创建火锅对象
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 16:02
*/
public abstract HotPot createHotPot();
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.creater;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.HotPot;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.OneHotPot;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 具体创建者
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 16:04
*/
public class OneHotPotStore extends HotPotStore {
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 抽象创建火锅对象
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 16:02
*/
@Override
public HotPot createHotPot() {
return new OneHotPot();
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.creater;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.HotPot;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.simplefactory.beans.TwoHotPot;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 具体创建者
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 16:04
*/
public class TwoHotPotStore extends HotPotStore {
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 抽象创建火锅对象
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 16:02
*/
@Override
public HotPot createHotPot() {
return new TwoHotPot();
}
}
package top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod;
import org.junit.Test;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.creater.HotPotStore;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.creater.OneHotPotStore;
import top.huey.designpattern.factorypattern.factorymethod.creater.TwoHotPotStore;
/**
* @author huey
* @Description : 简单工厂测试
* @Date Created in 2018/7/29 15:24
*/
public class FactoryMethodTest {
@Test
public void test1() {
HotPotStore hotPotStore = new OneHotPotStore();
hotPotStore.orderHotPot();
HotPotStore hotPotStore2 = new TwoHotPotStore();
hotPotStore2.orderHotPot();
}
}
四、读者须知
1.有的设计模式我们在业务开发并不是很常用,但是框架内部有很多的,有兴趣可以看看一些框架的源码比如经典的spring,流行的springboot,Tomcat等。 2.设计模式理解的是思想,根据具体业务场景,合理使用。 3.即使你现在用不到某些设计模式,但是还是应该理解其原理的。 4.当时理解并不意味着自己已会,可以自己尝试练习,并幻想一种业务场景,画画类图,设计一下。
coding
时,做到了如何落实
;writing
时,做到了如何表达
;sharing
时,做到了如何传授
;thinking
时,做到了如何提升
;