MySQL修改字符集utf8mb4

2020-06-11 10:12:22 浏览数 (1)

MySQL在 5.5.3 之后增加了 utf8mb4 字符编码,mb4即 most bytes 4。简单说 utf8mb4 是 utf8 的超集并完全兼容utf8,能够用四个字节存储更多的字符。

有时,我们需要在mysql中存放emoji表情,emoji表情是1个字符占4个字节,而utf8编码只支持1-3个字节的字符,所以utf8编码下,如果直接存储表情,数据库存储会失败,所以需要改成utf8mb4。

需要修改:库、表、字段

修改数据库字符集:

ALTER DATABASE db_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...];如:ALTER DATABASE test DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;

把表默认的字符集和所有字符列改为新的字符集:

ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...]如:ALTER TABLE logtest CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

只是修改表的默认字符集:

ALTER TABLE tbl_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE...];如:ALTER TABLE logtest DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

修改字段的字符集:

ALTER TABLE tbl_name CHANGE c_name c_name CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...];如:ALTER TABLE logtest CHANGE title title VARCHAR(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

查看数据库编码:

SHOW CREATE DATABASE db_name;

查看表编码:

SHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name;

查看字段编码:

SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM tbl_name;

查看当前数据库编码:

代码语言:javascript复制
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';

mysql-connector-java驱动包在5.1.13 才支持utf8mb4

代码语言:javascript复制
set global character_set_server=utf8mb4;
set global character_set_database=utf8mb4;
set global character_set_client=utf8mb4;
set global character_set_connection=utf8mb4;

修改配置文件:

代码语言:javascript复制
修改mysql的my.cnf文件中的字符集
如:default-character-set = utf8mb4
character_set_server = utf8mb4
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

重启mysql:

有些情况下修改后并不及时生效,需要重启mysql

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