一脸懵逼学习Struts数据校验以及数据回显,模型驱动,防止表单重复提交的应用。

2018-01-02 15:32:15 浏览数 (1)

1:Struts2表单数据校验:

  (1)前台校验,也称之为客户端校验,主要是通过Javascript编程的方式进行数据的验证。

  (2)后台校验,也称之为服务器校验,这里指的是使用Struts2通过xml配置的方式进行表单数据的校验。

  (3)代码方式验证Action中所有的方法;代码方式验证Action中指定的方法;xml方式验证Action中所有的方法;xml方式验证Action中指定的方法;

2:代码方式验证Action中所有的方法(自己记得导jar包和我配置web.xml文件,自己脑补吧):

注册的jsp页面:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>数据校验</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 
11 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data_checkData.action" method="post">
12     账号:<input type="text" name="user.name"/><br/>
13     密码:<input type="password" name="user.password"/><br/>
14     邮箱:<input type="text" name="user.email"/><br/>
15     生日:<input type="text" name="user.birthday"/><br/>
16     
17          <input type="submit" value="注册"/>
18          <input type="reset" value="重置"/>
19 </form>
20 
21 </body>
22 </html>

数据校验的Action类的实现:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson10;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 /** 
 6 * @author  Author:别先生 
 7 * @date Date:2017年9月24日 下午3:28:25 
 8 *
 9 * 1:注意,如果想要用struts的数据校验功能,必须继承ActionSupport或者实现相关接口;
10 */
11 public class CheckAction extends ActionSupport{
12 
13     /**
14      * 
15      */
16     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
17     
18     //封装请求数据
19     private User user;
20     public void setUser(User user) {
21         this.user = user;
22     }
23     public User getUser() {
24         return user;
25     }
26     
27     //重写数据校验的功能
28     @Override
29     public void validate() {
30         //用户名非空校验
31         if(user.getName() == null || "".equals(user.getName())){
32             //保存错误信息
33             super.addFieldError("name", "用户的账号不能为空。");
34         }
35         //密码非空校验
36         if(user.getPassword() == null || "".equals(user.getPassword())){
37             //保存错误信息
38             super.addFieldError("password", "用户的密码不能为空");
39         }
40         //用户的邮箱校验
41         /*if(user.getEmail() == null || "".equals(user.getEmail())){
42             //保存错误信息
43             super.addFieldError("email", "用户的邮箱不能为空");
44         }*/
45         //用户的生日不能为空
46         /*if(user.getBirthday() == null || "".equals(user.getBirthday())){
47             //保存错误信息
48             super.addFieldError("birthday" , "用户的生日不能为空");
49         }*/
50         
51     }
52 
53     //业务方法
54     public String checkData(){
55         
56         System.out.println(user);
57         return SUCCESS;
58     }
59     
60 }

struts2的配置xml文件:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     <package name="checkPackage" extends="struts-default">
 8         <action name="data_*" class="com.bie.lesson10.CheckAction" method="{1}">
 9             <result name="success">success2.jsp</result>
10             <result name="input">error.jsp</result>
11         </action>        
12         
13     </package>
14 
15 </struts>
16     
代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     <!-- struts在允许的时候会加载这个总配置文件:src/struts.xml -->
 8     
 9     <!-- 全局配置 -->
10     <!-- 修改Struts的默认访问后缀 -->
11     <!-- <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,struts,"></constant> -->
12     <include file="constant.xml"></include>
13     
14     <!-- 在总配置文件中引入其他所有的配置文件 -->
15     
16     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson/helloStruts.xml"></include> -->
17     
18     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson02/strutsAction.xml"></include> -->
19     
20     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson03/strutsConfig.xml"></include> -->
21     
22     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson04/strutsData.xml"></include> -->
23     
24     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson05/strutsType.xml"></include> -->
25     
26     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson06/strutsUpload.xml"></include> -->
27     
28     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson07/strutsInterceptor.xml"></include> -->
29     
30     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson08/action/strutsAdmin.xml"></include> -->
31     
32     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson09/strutsOgnl.xml"></include> -->
33     
34     <include file="com/bie/lesson10/strutsCheck.xml"></include>
35     
36     
37     
38     
39 </struts>

用户的实体类的内容:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson10;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Date;
 4 
 5 /** 
 6 * @author  Author:别先生 
 7 * @date Date:2017年9月24日 下午3:59:21 
 8 *
 9 *
10 */
11 public class User {
12 
13     private String name;
14     private String password;
15     private String email;
16     private Date birthday;
17     public String getName() {
18         return name;
19     }
20     public void setName(String name) {
21         this.name = name;
22     }
23     public String getPassword() {
24         return password;
25     }
26     public void setPassword(String password) {
27         this.password = password;
28     }
29     public String getEmail() {
30         return email;
31     }
32     public void setEmail(String email) {
33         this.email = email;
34     }
35     public Date getBirthday() {
36         return birthday;
37     }
38     public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
39         this.birthday = birthday;
40     }
41     public User(String name, String password, String email, Date birthday) {
42         super();
43         this.name = name;
44         this.password = password;
45         this.email = email;
46         this.birthday = birthday;
47     }
48     public User() {
49         super();
50     }
51     
52     
53 }

成功的页面和失败的页面:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>    
 4 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 5 <html>
 6 <head>
 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 8 <title>struts2 hello </title>
 9 </head>
10 <body>
11 
12 <h1>成功注册</h1>
13 
14 
15 
16 <!-- struts的调试标签:可以观测值栈数据 -->
17 <s:debug></s:debug>
18 </body>
19 </html>
代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>    
 4 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 5 <html>
 6 <head>
 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 8 <title>Insert title here</title>
 9 </head>
10 <body>
11 
12 <h1>错误的视图</h1>
13 <h1>错误的error</h1>
14 
15 <!-- 查看struts框架在运行时期产生的所有错误信息 -->
16 <s:fielderror></s:fielderror>
17 </body>
18 </html>

 3:代码方式验证Action中指定的方法(写验证方法命名规则,validate 要验证的方法名称,举例如下所示:);

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson10;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 /** 
 6 * @author  Author:别先生 
 7 * @date Date:2017年9月24日 下午3:28:25 
 8 *
 9 * 1:注意,如果想要用struts的数据校验功能,必须继承ActionSupport或者实现相关接口;
10 */
11 public class CheckAction extends ActionSupport{
12 
13     /**
14      * 
15      */
16     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
17     
18     //封装请求数据
19     private User user;
20     public void setUser(User user) {
21         this.user = user;
22     }
23     public User getUser() {
24         return user;
25     }
26     
27     //重写数据校验的功能
28     /*@Override
29     public void validate() {
30         //用户名非空校验
31         if(user.getName() == null || "".equals(user.getName())){
32             //保存错误信息
33             super.addFieldError("name", "用户的账号不能为空。");
34         }
35         //密码非空校验
36         if(user.getPassword() == null || "".equals(user.getPassword())){
37             //保存错误信息
38             super.addFieldError("password", "用户的密码不能为空");
39         }
40         //用户的邮箱校验
41         if(user.getEmail() == null || "".equals(user.getEmail())){
42             //保存错误信息
43             super.addFieldError("email", "用户的邮箱不能为空");
44         }
45         //用户的生日不能为空
46         if(user.getBirthday() == null || "".equals(user.getBirthday())){
47             //保存错误信息
48             super.addFieldError("birthday" , "用户的生日不能为空");
49         }
50         
51     }*/
52     
53     
54     public void validatecheckData() {
55         //用户名非空校验
56         if(user.getName() == null || "".equals(user.getName())){
57             //保存错误信息
58             super.addFieldError("name", "用户的账号不能为空。");
59         }
60         //密码非空校验
61         if(user.getPassword() == null || "".equals(user.getPassword())){
62             //保存错误信息
63             super.addFieldError("password", "用户的密码不能为空");
64         }
65         //用户的邮箱校验
66         /*if(user.getEmail() == null || "".equals(user.getEmail())){
67             //保存错误信息
68             super.addFieldError("email", "用户的邮箱不能为空");
69         }*/
70         //用户的生日不能为空
71         /*if(user.getBirthday() == null || "".equals(user.getBirthday())){
72             //保存错误信息
73             super.addFieldError("birthday" , "用户的生日不能为空");
74         }*/
75         
76     }
77 
78     //业务方法
79     public String checkData(){
80         
81         System.out.println(user);
82         return SUCCESS;
83     }
84     
85     //用户列表的展示
86     public String list(){
87         
88         System.out.println("模拟是否验证");
89         return "list";
90     }
91     
92 }

4:xml方式验证Action中所有的方法(代码验证比较繁琐,设计很多重复的验证逻辑,例如,非空验证,数值验证,email,日期等等,struts2对于常用的验证,进行了封装,即提供了验证器,验证指定额常用业务逻辑;);

  4.1:Struts提供的验证器:xwork-core-2.3.16.3.jar    ---》com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators ---》default.xml

代码语言:javascript复制
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator Definition 1.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-definition-1.0.dtd">

<!-- START SNIPPET: validators-default -->
<validators>
    <validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>
    <validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="long" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.LongRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="short" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ShortRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>
    <validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>
    <validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="conditionalvisitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator"/>
</validators>
<!--  END SNIPPET: validators-default -->

 4.2:如何写xml,从而定义验证规则:

    (a)xml文件名称语法:ActionClassName-validation.xml,注意,此xml需要与当前要验证的action在同一个目录;     (b)举例:CheckXmlAction-validation.xml,找到xwork-core-2.3.16.3.jar/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd复制一下dtd的头文件:

代码语言:javascript复制
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson11;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 /** 
 6 * @author  Author:别先生 
 7 * @date Date:2017年9月24日 下午3:28:25 
 8 *
 9 * 1:注意,如果想要用struts的数据校验功能,必须继承ActionSupport或者实现相关接口;
10 */
11 public class CheckXmlAction extends ActionSupport{
12 
13     /**
14      * 
15      */
16     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
17     
18     //封装请求数据
19     private User user;
20     public void setUser(User user) {
21         this.user = user;
22     }
23     public User getUser() {
24         return user;
25     }
26     
27     
28     //业务方法
29     public String checkData(){
30         
31         System.out.println(user);
32         return SUCCESS;
33     }
34     
35     /*//用户列表的展示
36     public String list(){
37         
38         System.out.println("模拟是否验证");
39         return "list";
40     }*/
41     
42 }

验证的xml配置,注意起名规则:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
 3           "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
 4           "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
 5 <validators>
 6     
 7     <!-- 验证的每一字段用field表示 -->
 8     <field name="user.name">
 9         <!-- 指定使用的验证器 -->
10         <field-validator type="requiredstring">
11             <!-- 验证失败的错误提示信息 -->
12             <message>用户名不能为空</message>
13         </field-validator>
14     </field>
15     
16     <!-- 验证的每一字段用field表示 -->
17     <field name="user.password">
18         <!-- 指定使用的验证器 -->
19         <field-validator type="requiredstring">
20             <!-- 验证失败的错误提示信息 -->
21             <message>密码不能为空</message>
22         </field-validator>
23         
24         <!-- 密码的长度校验 -->
25         <field-validator type="stringlength">
26             <param name="minLength">6</param>    
27             <param name="maxLength">10</param>    
28             <message>密码长度必须6-10位</message>
29         </field-validator>
30     </field>
31     
32     <!-- 验证日期和验证邮箱 -->
33     <field name="user.email">
34         <field-validator type="email">
35             <message>邮箱格式不正确</message>
36         </field-validator>
37     </field>
38     <field name="user.birthday">
39         <field-validator type="date">
40             <message>日期格式不正确</message>
41         </field-validator>
42     </field>
43     
44 </validators>          
45           
46           

5:xml方式验证Action中指定的方法(与上面xml验证方式大致相同,验证xml文件内容不变);

  5.1:命名规则:语法,ActionClassName-ActionName-validation.xml,举例:CheckXmlAction-data_checkData-validation.xml即验证CheckXmlAction的checkData方法;

验证总结 代码验证: 重写validate()   ,  验证action所有方法 Validate方法名(),  验证指定“方法名”的方法 Xml: 验证所有方法: ActionClassName-validation.xml 验证指定方法: ActionClassName-actionName-validation.xml 代码验证: 比较灵活,可以满足所有的需求. 比较繁琐,要写重复的验证判断逻辑! 适合: 表单字段较少的情况用! XML验证: 通用,但不够灵活; 可以验证特定简单的业务。 适合: 验证表单字段较多,可以大大简化代码!   (配置文件过多)

 6:验证错误处理的三种方法,如果数据输入错误就依旧跳转到输入数据的界面,这点在struts.xml里面控制:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     <package name="checkXmlPackage" extends="struts-default">
 8         <!-- 注册失败跳转到注册页面,显示失败信息 -->
 9         <global-results>
10             <result name="input">/dataXmlCheck.jsp</result>
11         </global-results>
12         
13         <action name="data_*" class="com.bie.lesson11.CheckXmlAction" method="{1}">
14             <result name="success">/success2.jsp</result>
15             <!-- <result name="input">/error.jsp</result> -->
16             <!-- <result name="list">success2.jsp</result> -->
17         </action>        
18         
19     </package>
20 
21 </struts>
22     

然后在输入数据的页面进行错误提示:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>    
 4 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 5 <html>
 6 <head>
 7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 8 <title>数据校验</title>
 9 
10 <!-- 修改struts标签默认的样式: 不让换行 --> 
11 <style type="text/css">
12     ul{display: inline;}
13     ul li{display: inline;color: red;}
14 </style>
15 
16 </head>
17 <body>
18 
19 <!-- 显示的是Struts2在运行时期产生的所有错误 -->
20 <!-- 方式一 -->
21 <%-- <s:fielderror></s:fielderror> --%>
22 
23 <%-- <s:fielderror fieldName="user.name"></s:fielderror>
24 <s:fielderror fieldName="user.password"></s:fielderror>
25 <s:fielderror fieldName="user.email"></s:fielderror>
26 <s:fielderror fieldName="user.birthday"></s:fielderror> --%>
27 
28 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data_checkXmlData.action" method="post">
29     账号:<input type="text" name="user.name"/>
30         <!-- 方式二 -->    
31         <s:fielderror fieldName="user.name"></s:fielderror><br/>
32     密码:<input type="password" name="user.password"/>
33         <s:fielderror fieldName="user.password"></s:fielderror><br/>
34     邮箱:<input type="text" name="user.email"/><br/>
35         <%-- <s:fielderror fieldName="user.email"></s:fielderror> --%>
36     生日:<input type="text" name="user.birthday"/><br/>
37         <%-- <s:fielderror fieldName="user.birthday"></s:fielderror> --%>
38          <input type="submit" value="注册"/>
39          <input type="reset" value="重置"/>
40 </form>
41 
42 </body>
43 </html>

方式三(fielderror.ftl文件):

方式3: 修改标签定义的模板 找到fielderror标签定义的模板文件: Struts-core.jartemplatesimple fielderror.ftl 把修改后的fielderror.ftl文件,放到src/ template/ simple/ fielderror.ftl 这样标签显示的样式就修改了!

代码语言:javascript复制
<#--
/*
 * $Id: fielderror.ftl 805635 2009-08-19 00:18:54Z musachy $
 *
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
-->
<#if fieldErrors??><#t/>
<#assign eKeys = fieldErrors.keySet()><#t/>
<#assign eKeysSize = eKeys.size()><#t/>
<#assign doneStartUlTag=false><#t/>
<#assign doneEndUlTag=false><#t/>
<#assign haveMatchedErrorField=false><#t/>
<#if (fieldErrorFieldNames?size > 0) ><#t/>
    <#list fieldErrorFieldNames as fieldErrorFieldName><#t/>
        <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
        <#if (eKey = fieldErrorFieldName)><#t/>
            <#assign haveMatchedErrorField=true><#t/>
            <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[fieldErrorFieldName]><#t/>
            <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneStartUlTag))><#t/>
                   <#assign doneStartUlTag=true><#t/>
            </#if><#t/>
            <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
                ${eEachValue}
            </#list><#t/>            
        </#if><#t/>
        </#list><#t/>
    </#list><#t/>
    <#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneEndUlTag))><#t/>
        <#assign doneEndUlTag=true><#t/>
    </#if><#t/>
<#else><#t/>    
    <#if (eKeysSize > 0)><#t/>
        <ul<#rt/>
<#if parameters.cssClass??>
 class="${parameters.cssClass?html}"<#rt/>
<#else>
 class="errorMessage"<#rt/>
</#if>
<#if parameters.cssStyle??>
 style="${parameters.cssStyle?html}"<#rt/>
</#if>
>
            <#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
                <#assign eValue = fieldErrors[eKey]><#t/>
                <#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
                    <li><span><#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}<#else>${eEachValue!}</#if></span></li>
                </#list><#t/>
            </#list><#t/>
        </ul>
    </#if><#t/>
</#if><#t/>
</#if><#t/>

 7:staruts的表单主题样式修改(default学习.properties搜索theme,找到struts.ui.theme=xhtml默认样式,修改一下):

代码语言:javascript复制
<!--对于struts标签默认的主题样式:default.xml/struts.ui.theme=xhtml
可以通过常量修改, 改为简单主题:-->
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple"></constant>

 8:Struts2中常用的几个技术:数据回显,模型驱动,防止表单重复提交的应用。

(1):Struts2的数据回显技术必须使用Struts2的标签。 《手动通过value设置显示的值value="%{#request.user.name}"这个格式是通过ognl表达式进行显示数据的》。 (2):数据回显技术,通过值栈存放,然后直接通过页面的name属性进行取值<s:textfield name="userName"></textfield>,如:   ActionContext ac = ActionContext.getContext();   ValueStack vs = ac.getValueStack();   //vs.pop();//移除栈顶元素   vs.push("user");//将user对象存放到值栈里面

 9:综合应用:

第一步:创建数据库和数据表,这里使用mysql默认的数据库test,创建数据表如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
-- 创建数据表
CREATE TABLE employee(
    employeeId INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    employeeName VARCHAR(20),
    employeeTime DATE 
)

 第二步:搭建Struts的环境(导包,配置web.xml和c3p0的配置,):

 导包,包含struts的包和mysql的包还有c3p0的包: c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar commons-dbutils-1.6.jar commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar commons-io-2.2.jar commons-lang3-3.1.jar freemarker-2.3.19.jar javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar jstl-1.2.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar ognl-3.0.6.jar struts2-core-2.3.16.3.jar xwork-core-2.3.16.3.jar

代码语言:javascript复制
<c3p0-config>
    
    <!-- c3p0默认配置,下面还可以配置多个数据库 -->
    <default-config>
        <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
        <property name="user">root</property>
        <property name="password">123456</property>
        <property name="initialPoolSize">6</property>
        <property name="maxPoolSize">50</property>
        <property name="maxIdleTime">1000</property>
    </default-config>

</c3p0-config>

配置一下web.xml文件:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
 3   <display-name>struts</display-name>
 4   <welcome-file-list>
 5     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
 6     <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
 7     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
 8     <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
 9     <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
10     <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
11   </welcome-file-list>
12   
13   <!-- struts2的核心过滤器 -->
14   <filter>
15       <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
16       <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
17   </filter>
18   <filter-mapping>
19       <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
20       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
21   </filter-mapping>
22 </web-app>

配置一下Struts的总配置文件struts.xml文件:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     <!-- struts在允许的时候会加载这个总配置文件:src/struts.xml -->
 8     
 9     <!-- 全局配置 -->
10     <!-- 修改Struts的默认访问后缀 -->
11     <!-- <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,struts,"></constant> -->
12     <!-- <include file="constant.xml"></include> -->
13     
14     <!-- 在总配置文件中引入其他所有的配置文件 -->
15     
16     <!-- <include file="com/bie/lesson01/helloStruts.xml"></include> -->
17     
18     <include file="com/bie/lesson02/strutsTest.xml"></include>
19     
20 </struts>

第三步:弄一下连接数据库的操作:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson02.utils;
 2 
 3 import java.sql.Connection;
 4 import java.sql.SQLException;
 5 
 6 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 7 
 8 import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
 9 
10 import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
11 
12 /***
13  * 数据库连接工具类
14  * @author 别先生
15  *
16  */
17 public class BaseUtils {
18 
19     //初始化c3p0
20     private static DataSource dataSource = null;
21     
22     //自动加载src目录下面的c3p0配置文件。c3p0-config.xml
23     static{
24         dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
25     }
26     
27     public static QueryRunner getQueryRunner(){
28         //第一步:创建QueryRunner对象,传入连接池对象
29         //在创建QueryRunner对象的时候,如果传入数据对象dataSource,
30         //那么在使用QueryRunner对象的方法时候,就不需要传入连接对象
31         QueryRunner query=new QueryRunner(dataSource);
32         //第二步:会自动从数据源中获取连接(不用关闭连接)
33         return query;
34     }
35     
36     //测试一下是否连接通数据库
37     /*public static void main(String[] args) {
38         QueryRunner qr = getQueryRunner();
39         DataSource ds = qr.getDataSource();
40         try {
41             Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
42             System.out.println("连接数据库成功");
43         } catch (SQLException e) {
44             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
45             e.printStackTrace();
46         }
47         
48     }*/
49 }

第四步:开始开发dao层,这里使用接口和实现接口的方式来开发:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson02.dao;
 2 
 3 import java.util.List;
 4 
 5 import com.bie.lesson02.po.Employee;
 6 
 7 public interface EmployeeDao {
 8 
 9     //查询所有的员工信息
10     List<Employee> getALL();
11     
12     //根据员工编号进行查询操作
13     Employee getById(int employeeId);
14     
15     //添加员工信息
16     void save(Employee employee);
17     
18     //修改员工信息
19     void update(Employee employee);
20 }
代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson02.dao.impl;
 2 
 3 import java.sql.SQLException;
 4 import java.util.List;
 5 
 6 import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
 7 import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
 8 
 9 import com.bie.lesson02.dao.EmployeeDao;
10 import com.bie.lesson02.po.Employee;
11 import com.bie.lesson02.utils.BaseUtils;
12 
13 public class EmployeeDaoImpl implements EmployeeDao{
14 
15     @Override
16     public List<Employee> getALL() {
17         
18         //查询的sql语句
19         String sql = " select * from employee ";
20         try {
21             return BaseUtils.getQueryRunner().query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Employee>(Employee.class));
22         } catch (SQLException e) {
23             throw new RuntimeException();
24         }
25     }
26 
27     @Override
28     public Employee getById(int employeeId) {
29         //根据员工的编号进行查询
30         String sql ="select * from employee where employeeId = ? ";
31         //问号?这个参数传到后面,切记传参数
32         try {
33             return BaseUtils.getQueryRunner().query(sql, new BeanHandler<Employee>(Employee.class),employeeId);
34         } catch (SQLException e) {
35             throw new RuntimeException();
36         }
37     }
38 
39     @Override
40     public void save(Employee employee) {
41         //保存员工的信息,即插入操作
42         String sql = " insert into employee(employeeName,employeeTime) values(?,?)";
43         
44         //使用c3p0的插入操作
45         try {
46             BaseUtils.getQueryRunner().update(sql, employee.getEmployeeName(),employee.getEmployeeTime());
47         } catch (SQLException e) {
48             throw new RuntimeException();
49         }
50     }
51 
52     @Override
53     public void update(Employee employee) {
54         //修改操作
55         String sql = "update employee set employeeName =?,employeeTime=? where employeeId =? ";
56         
57         try {
58             BaseUtils.getQueryRunner().update(sql, employee.getEmployeeName(),employee.getEmployeeTime(),employee.getEmployeeId());
59         } catch (SQLException e) {
60             throw new RuntimeException();
61         }
62     }
63 
64     
65 }

第五步:开始开发service层,这里使用接口和实现接口的方式来开发:

代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson02.service;
 2 
 3 import java.util.List;
 4 
 5 import com.bie.lesson02.po.Employee;
 6 
 7 public interface EmployeeService {
 8 
 9     //查询所有的员工信息
10     List<Employee> getALL();
11     
12     //根据员工编号进行查询操作
13     Employee getById(int employeeId);
14     
15     //添加员工信息
16     void save(Employee employee);
17     
18     //修改员工信息
19     void update(Employee employee);
20 }
代码语言:javascript复制
 1 package com.bie.lesson02.service.impl;
 2 
 3 import java.util.List;
 4 
 5 import com.bie.lesson02.dao.EmployeeDao;
 6 import com.bie.lesson02.dao.impl.EmployeeDaoImpl;
 7 import com.bie.lesson02.po.Employee;
 8 import com.bie.lesson02.service.EmployeeService;
 9 
10 public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService{
11 
12     private EmployeeDao dao = new EmployeeDaoImpl();
13     
14     @Override
15     public List<Employee> getALL() {
16         
17         return dao.getALL();
18     }
19 
20     @Override
21     public Employee getById(int employeeId) {
22         if(employeeId != 0){            
23             return dao.getById(employeeId);
24         }
25         
26         return null;
27     }
28 
29     @Override
30     public void save(Employee employee) {
31         if(employee != null){
32             dao.save(employee);
33         }
34         
35     }
36 
37     @Override
38     public void update(Employee employee) {
39         if(employee != null){
40             dao.update(employee);
41         }
42         
43     }
44 
45     
46 }

第六步:以上全部搞完,基本只剩下使用Struts进行Action的开发,以及页面的书写:

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