We're going to create a simple API to allow admin users to view and edit the users and groups in the system.
Project setup
Create a new Django project named tutorial, then start a new app called quickstart.
# Create the project directory
$ mkdir tutorial; cd tutorial
# Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
$ virtualenv env
$ source -p /usr/bin/python3 env/bin/activate
# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtualenv
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
# Set up a new project with a single application
django-admin.py startproject tutorial . # Note the trailing '.' character
cd tutorial
django-admin.py startapp quickstart
cd ..Now sync your database for the first time:
代码语言：javascript复制python manage.py migrateWe'll also create an initial user named admin with a password of password123. We'll authenticate as that user later in our example.
python manage.py createsuperuserOnce you've set up a database and initial user created and ready to go, open up the app's directory and we'll get coding...
Serializers
First up we're going to define some serializers. Let's create a new module named tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py that we'll use for our data representations.
代码语言：javascript复制from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')Notice that we're using hyperlinked relations in this case, with HyperlinkedModelSerializer. You can also use primary key and various other relationships, but hyperlinking is good RESTful design.
Views
Right, we'd better write some views then. Open tutorial/quickstart/views.py and get typing.
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializerRather than write multiple views we're grouping together all the common behavior into classes called ViewSets.
We can easily break these down into individual views if we need to, but using viewsets keeps the view logic nicely organized as well as being very concise.
URLS
Okay, now let's wire up the API URLs. On to tutorial/urls.py...
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]Because we're using viewsets instead of views, we can automatically generate the URL conf for our API, by simply registering the viewsets with a router class.
Again, if we need more control over the API URLs we can simply drop down to using regular class-based views, and writing the URL conf explicitly.
Finally, we're including default login and logout views for use with the browsable API. That's optional, but useful if your API requires authentication and you want to use the browsable API.
Settings
We'd also like to set a few global settings. We'd like to turn on pagination, and we want our API to only be accessible to admin users. The settings module will be in tutorial/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
)
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',
],
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}Okay, we're done.
Testing our API
We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.
代码语言：javascript复制$ python manage.py runserver1.Directly through the browser, by going to the URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/...
ps: make sure to login using the control in the top right corner.
2.We can now access our API, both from the command-line, using tools like curl...
bash: curl -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' -u admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
"username": "admin"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}3.Or using the httpie, command line tool...
$ http -a admin:password123 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
代码语言：javascript复制HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"email": "admin@example.com",
"groups": [],
"url": "http://localhost:8000/users/1/",
"username": "paul"
},
{
"email": "tom@example.com",
"groups": [ ],
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/2/",
"username": "tom"
}
]
}If you want to get a more in depth understanding of how REST framework fits together head on over to the tutorial, or start browsing the API guide.
