zabbix是一款非常主流监控软件，以简单易用为人称道。zabbix拥有完善的api方便大家通过第三方调用，所以今天介绍一下如何利用python完成对zabbix api调用。
zabbix api主要通过http协议进行通讯，这里我们使用数据是json格式数据进行交互。
这里先放一个官方文档的传送门方便大家翻阅
介绍
zabbix api的地址是“/api_jsonrpc.php”这里先用linux系统命令做个演示:如何获取zabbix的登录token，下面返回的结果是一个json对应的result是结果，也就是你想要得到的token
代码语言：javascript复制[root@salt-node1 zabbix]# curl -XPOST http://192.168.198.116/api_jsonrpc.php -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{
> "jsonrpc": "2.0",
> "method": "user.login",
> "params": {
> "user": "admin",
> "password": "zabbix"
> },
> "id": 0
> }'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"f2e8bbaf7e5290d51914a78a0328f19e","id":0}看上去只是一个post的http请求那我们就用python来搞一下吧
首先我们选的是urllib2模块，之所以用这个是因为python本身自带此模块增加系统的兼容性
代码语言：javascript复制[root@salt-node1 tmp]# python zabbix.py
f037e64b7018fe987c3b1d3e1d717ecb
[root@salt-node1 tmp]# cat zabbix.py
#coding:utf-8
import json
import urllib2
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename='./my_log_test.log',format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',level=logging.INFO)
zbx_url = 'http://192.168.199.224:88/api_jsonrpc.php'
zabbix_user = 'admin'
zabbix_pwd = 'dianjoy.com'
def get_token():
url = zbx_url
#这里定义一个header的字典，方便填写全部的http头信息
header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
# 这里是一个需要发送的json数据
data = '''{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "user.login",
"params": {
"user": "%s",
"password": "%s"
},
"id": 0
}''' % (zabbix_user,zabbix_pwd)
# 创建一个请求的对象
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
#遍历获取http头信息
for key in header:
request.add_header(key,header[key])
#发送请求，最终返回token
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
print "Auth Failed, Please Check Your Name And Password:",e.code
else:
response = json.loads(result.read())
result.close()
return response['result']
print get_zbx_token()现在你已经获取到zabbix的token了就可以做一些别的事情了，
这里大家可以尝试获取一下主机信息
例子：
这是一个curl完成和获取主机信息的操作
代码语言：javascript复制[root@salt-node1 tmp]# curl -k -H 'Content-Type: application/json' http://192.168.198.116/api_jsonrpc.php -d '{
> "jsonrpc": "2.0",
> "method": "host.get",
> "params": {
> "output": "extend",
> "filter": {
> "name": [
> "Zabbix server"
> ]
> }
> },
> "auth": "d6e4eb7e6bd884fec2ccffe4205d5960",
> "id": 1 }'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"hostid":"10084","proxy_hostid":"0","host":"Zabbix server","status":"0","disable_until":"0","error":"","available":"1","errors_from":"0","lastaccess":"0","ipmi_authtype":"-1","ipmi_privilege":"2","ipmi_username":"","ipmi_password":"","ipmi_disable_until":"0","ipmi_available":"0","snmp_disable_until":"0","snmp_available":"0","maintenanceid":"0","maintenance_status":"0","maintenance_type":"0","maintenance_from":"0","ipmi_errors_from":"0","snmp_errors_from":"0","ipmi_error":"","snmp_error":"","jmx_disable_until":"0","jmx_available":"0","jmx_errors_from":"0","jmx_error":"","name":"Zabbix server","flags":"0","templateid":"0","description":"","tls_connect":"1","tls_accept":"1","tls_issuer":"","tls_subject":"","tls_psk_identity":"","tls_psk":""}],"id":1}现在用python完成上面操作，因为zabbix api请求的json内主要三部分：操作zabbix方法，params，token会产生变化，所有这里构建了一个方法，只需要传入这三个参数即可
代码语言：javascript复制def zbx_req(zbx_action, zbx_params, zbx_token):
''' get host info '''
header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
#zabbix server的url地址
url = zbx_url
#构建请求的json数据
data='''{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "%s",
"params": %s,
"auth": "%s",
"id": 1 }''' % (zbx_action, zbx_params, zbx_token)
request = urllib2.Request(url, data)
for key in header:
request.add_header(key, header[key])
# 请求zabbix获取返回结果
try:
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
print "request Failed:", e.code
else:
#因为各种应用场景结果可能不通做了如下判断
#如果返回的json里面有error这个key代表请求失败，输出错误信息并返回False
#如果返回json没有result这个key代表结果也不是预期
#其它的直接返回json的result key的内容
response = json.loads(result.read())
if 'error' in response:
print response['error']
return False
elif not response['result']:
print response
return False
else:
return response['result']
result.close()
#方法创建好了，这里把参数传入调用下下就好
zbx_token = get_zbx_token()
zbx_action = 'host.get'
zbx_params = '''{
"output": "extend",
"filter": {
"name": ["Zabbix server"]
}
}'''
print zbx_req(zbx_action,zbx_params,zbx_token)脚本写执行下脚本试试把
代码语言：javascript复制[root@salt-node1 tmp]# python zabbix.py
[{u'available': u'1', u'tls_connect': u'1', u'maintenance_type': u'0', u'ipmi_errors_from': u'0', u'ipmi_username': u'', u'snmp_disable_until': u'0', u'ipmi_authtype': u'-1', u'ipmi_disable_until': u'0', u'lastaccess': u'0', u'snmp_error': u'', u'tls_psk': u'', u'ipmi_privilege': u'2', u'jmx_error': u'', u'jmx_available': u'0', u'maintenanceid': u'0', u'snmp_available': u'0', u'tls_psk_identity': u'', u'status': u'0', u'description': u'', u'tls_accept': u'1', u'host': u'Zabbix server', u'disable_until': u'0', u'ipmi_password': u'', u'templateid': u'0', u'tls_issuer': u'', u'ipmi_available': u'0', u'maintenance_status': u'0', u'snmp_errors_from': u'0', u'ipmi_error': u'', u'proxy_hostid': u'0', u'hostid': u'10084', u'name': u'Zabbix server', u'jmx_errors_from': u'0', u'jmx_disable_until': u'0', u'flags': u'0', u'error': u'', u'maintenance_from': u'0', u'tls_subject': u'', u'errors_from': u'0'}]拓展1
相信大家学到这里还不满足，懒是永无止境的，我根据自己情况继续把用法继续封装，根据自己的需求封装一个创建主机的方法
代码语言：javascript复制class Zbx_api(object):
def zbx_create_host(self,hostname,inter_ip,group_id,temlpate_id):
self.hostname = hostname
self.inter_ip = inter_ip
self.group_id = group_id
self.temlpate_id = temlpate_id
'''创建主机
hostname :主机名
inter_ip :主机IP
gourp_id :组id
template_id : 监控模版id
zbx_create_host('salt-node1','192.168.198.116','4','10001')
'''
zbx_action = 'host.create'
zbx_params = '''{
"host": "%s",
"interfaces": [
{
"type": 1,
"main": 1,
"useip": 1,
"ip": "%s",
"dns": "",
"port": "10050"
}
],
"groups": [
{
"groupid": "%s"
}
],
"templates": [
{
"templateid": "%s"
}
],
"inventory_mode": 0,
"inventory": {
"macaddress_a": "nginxs.net",
"macaddress_b": "nginxs.net"
}
}''' % (hostname,inter_ip,group_id,temlpate_id)
r=Zbx_base_api(zbx_action,zbx_params)
return r.zbx_req()拓展2
例如我经常需要把一个group的主机的eth0网卡和CPU负载创建一个screen那我们得用python完成下面几项操作：
1. 创建一个方法获取一个主机组的指定graph id
2. 创建一个方法只要传入screen name，graph id就可以创建一个screen
代码语言：javascript复制 def zbx_create_screen(self,screen_name,screen_high,screen_width):
'''创建screen
name : SCREEN的名字
hsize： screen的行数
vsize： screen的列数
screenitems： screen里面的item
resourcetype : 当前数据源的类型"graph","map","url"更多请看传送门https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/2.4/manual/api/reference/screenitem/object#screen_item
resourceid： itemid
rowspan: 占据行数
colspan：占据列数
x： 屏幕x坐标轴位置
y: 屏幕y坐标轴位置
'''
self.screen_name = screen_name
self.screen_high = screen_high
self.screen_width = screen_width
zbx_action = 'screen.create'
zbx_params = '''{
"name": "%s",
"hsize": %s,
"vsize": %s,
"screenitems": [
{
"resourcetype": 0,
"resourceid": "524",
"rowspan": 1,
"colspan": 1,
"x": 0,
"y": 2
}
]
}''' % (self.screen_name,self.screen_high,self.screen_width)
print zbx_params
r=Zbx_base_api(zbx_action,zbx_params)
return zbx_req()
