今天通过使用Python开发针对服务器硬件运行状态的监控,简单了解下在虚拟环境中的运维监控的实现,算是给全面研究云计算开一个头。
1.先准备环境,软件配置如下:
虚拟环境: Vmware 10 操作系统: Linux ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64 数据库 : Mysql 开发语言: Python 2.7 可视化 : Highcharts
2.省略安装软件的步骤,开始创建数据库
创建数据库“flacon”
代码语言:javascript复制CREATE DATABASE flacon;
创建表“stat”
代码语言:javascript复制CREATE TABLE stat (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`host` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
`mem_free` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`mem_usage` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`mem_total` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`load_avg` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
`time` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `host` (`host`(255))
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
在开发之前注意创建文件工程目录 web --templates --mon.html --flask_web.py --monItems.py
3.用Python开发后台服务flask_web.py,用于将查询到的数据存入数据库,并相应前端页面的展示请求
代码语言:javascript复制<span style="font-size:14px;">import MySQLdb as mysql
import json
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
db = mysql.connect(user="root", passwd="root",
db="falcon", charset="utf8")
db.autocommit(True)
c = db.cursor()
@app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def hello():
sql = ""
if request.method == "POST":
data = request.json
try:
sql = "INSERT INTO `stat` (`host`,`mem_free`,`mem_usage`,`mem_total`,`load_avg`,`time`) VALUES('%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%d')" % (data['Host'], data['MemFree'], data['MemUsage'], data['MemTotal'], data['LoadAvg'], int(data['Time']))
ret = c.execute(sql)
except mysql.IntegrityError:
pass
return "OK"
else:
return render_template("mon.html")
@app.route("/data", methods=["GET"])
def getdata():
c.execute("SELECT `time`,`mem_usage` FROM `stat`")
ones = [[i[0]*1000, i[1]] for i in c.fetchall()]
return "%s(%s);" % (request.args.get('callback'), json.dumps(ones))
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8888, debug=True)</span>
注:服务通过ip:8888/和ip:8888/data两个请求url,用于相应不同的请求。根节点实现了两个方法,post方法用于将操作系统的监控数据接收并存储到mysql数据库中;get方法则返回mon.html页面。
/data的url用于相应客户端页面提交的查询最新的数据的请求,这里根据查询条件的不同可以查询到不同的信息,这里没有实现查询全部属性而是默认了mem_usage。
运行服务之后,效果如下:
4.用Python开发查询系统资源的服务moniItems.py
代码语言:javascript复制import inspect
import time
import urllib, urllib2
import json
import socket
class mon:
def __init__(self):
self.data = {}
def getTime(self):
return str(int(time.time()) 8 * 3600)
def getHost(self):
return socket.gethostname()
def getLoadAvg(self):
with open('/proc/loadavg') as load_open:
a = load_open.read().split()[:3]
return ','.join(a)
def getMemTotal(self):
with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
a = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
return a / 1024
def getMemUsage(self, noBufferCache=True):
if noBufferCache:
with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
T = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
F = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
B = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
C = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
return (T-F-B-C)/1024
else:
with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
a = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1]) - int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
return a / 1024
def getMemFree(self, noBufferCache=True):
if noBufferCache:
with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
T = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
F = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
B = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
C = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
return (F B C)/1024
else:
with open('/proc/meminfo') as mem_open:
mem_open.readline()
a = int(mem_open.readline().split()[1])
return a / 1024
def runAllGet(self):
#自动获取mon类里的所有getXXX方法,用XXX作为key,getXXX()的返回值作为value,构造字典
for fun in inspect.getmembers(self, predicate=inspect.ismethod):
if fun[0][:3] == 'get':
self.data[fun[0][3:]] = fun[1]()
return self.data
if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
m = mon()
data = m.runAllGet()
print data
req = urllib2.Request("http://localhost:8888", json.dumps(data), {'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
response = f.read()
print response
f.close()
time.sleep(2)
4.最后开发前端展示图表
代码语言:javascript复制<title>运维原型</title>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>运维原型</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
${demo.css}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
$.getJSON('/data?callback=?', function (data) {
// Create the chart
$('#container').highcharts('StockChart', {
rangeSelector: {
inputEnabled: $('#container').width() > 480,
selected: 1
},
title: {
text: '运维原型'
},
series: [{
name: '运维原型',
data: data,
type: 'spline',
tooltip: {
valueDecimals: 2
}
}]
});
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highstock/2.0.4/highstock.js"></script>
<script src="http://code.highcharts.com/modules/exporting.js"></script>
<div id="container" style="height: 400px"></div>
</body>
</html>
注:顶一个div,命名为container,用于存放统计图表。页面通过向/data目录提交请求获得监控数据的查询结果,在回调函数中展示。通过访问url:http://ip:8888可以看到展现效果,如下:
5.总结
通过这个例子的开发,可以了解通过Python进行运维监控的基本方法,关键问题是要从操作系统的/proc/meminfo和/proc/loadavg文件查询操作系统内存使用数据和CPU的负载信息。以下blog可以帮助详细了解memnifo文件的内容和/proc目录其他文件的介绍。
http://blog.csdn.net/cnctloveyu/article/details/4074892
http://blog.csdn.net/kevinx_xu/article/details/8178746