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美的东西就想要夺过来，占为己有， 本狗也不例外，哈哈哈哈哈！！！
今天本狗就给大家分享一串神奇的 ” 东东“， 它可以下载任意多的图片，因为本狗很喜欢那个网站的图片了， 所以就，，，， 而且都是高清图哦！！在此分享给大家！！！
语言：python 领域： 爬虫 框架： scrapy （后续再详细议）
需要的模块：scrapy 以及python自带的模块
安装命令： pip install scrapy
方案分析：
1 确定目标网站：”https://gratisography.com/page/1“
2 使用正则表达式写好URL规则
3 然后根据xapth方法写提取信息（图片URL）
4 下载图片（scrapy框架自带异步下载）
上代码：
<1>主代码，主要获取图片URL
代码语言：javascript复制import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from images.items import ImagesItem
class ImagesSpiderSpider(CrawlSpider):
name = 'images_spider'
allowed_domains = ['gratisography.com']
start_urls = ['https://gratisography.com/page/1']
rules = (
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'https://gratisography.com/page/d'), follow=True),
Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'https://gratisography.com/photo/ .?'), callback=
'parse_page', follow=False)
)
def parse_page(self, response):
url_list = []
title = response.xpath('//h1[@itemprop="name"]/text()').get()
urls = response.xpath('//a[@class="buttons download-button"]/@href').get()
url_list.append(urls)
item = ImagesItem(title=title, image_urls=url_list)
yield item<2>items， 存储URL代码
代码语言：javascript复制import scrapy
class ImagesItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
title = scrapy.Field()
image_urls = scrapy.Field()
image = scrapy.Field()
<3>middleware, 这次咱们用不着，再议
代码语言：javascript复制from scrapy import signals
class ImagesSpiderMiddleware(object):
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s
def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
# Called for each response that goes through the spider
# middleware and into the spider.
# Should return None or raise an exception.
return None
def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
# Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
# it has processed the response.
# Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
for i in result:
yield i
def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
# Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
# (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
# Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
# or Item objects.
pass
def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
# Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
# similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
# that it doesn鈥檛 have a response associated.
# Must return only requests (not items).
for r in start_requests:
yield r
def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
class ImagesDownloaderMiddleware(object):
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s
def process_request(self, request, spider):
# Called for each request that goes through the downloader
# middleware.
# Must either:
# - return None: continue processing this request
# - or return a Response object
# - or return a Request object
# - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
# installed downloader middleware will be called
return None
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
# Called with the response returned from the downloader.
# Must either;
# - return a Response object
# - return a Request object
# - or raise IgnoreRequest
return response
def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
# Called when a download handler or a process_request()
# (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
# Must either:
# - return None: continue processing this exception
# - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
# - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
pass
def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
<4>pipelines, 通过URL再管道下载图片
代码语言：javascript复制import os
from queue import Queue
from urllib import request
import threading
class ImagesPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__) ),'photo')
if not os.path.exists(self.path):
os.mkdir(self.path)
def process_item(self, item, spider):
title = item.get('title')
urls = item.get('image_urls')
for url in urls:
image_name = url.split('-')[-1]
request.urlretrieve(url, os.path.join(self.path, image_name))
return item
<5>settings, 一些基础设置， 比如要开启管道， 基础防爬特征等
代码语言：javascript复制import os
BOT_NAME = 'images'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['images.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'images.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'images ( http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
'(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.96 Safari/537.36'
}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'images.middlewares.ImagesSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'images.middlewares.ImagesDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# 'images.pipelines.ImagesPipeline': 300,
'scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline': 1
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
# 下载图片路径设置
IMAGES_STORE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), 'photo')<6>start, 自己写的，只要运行这个，整个框架就开始工作了。 告别黑屏时代（cmd）
代码语言：javascript复制from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute('scrapy crawl images_spider'.split())下期带上效果图哦 2019-5-14 测试正常 若失效，联系ME！！
套路都一样！！！就喜欢这句话！！！ 回复【美图】获取源对我最大的热爱就是关注我，蟹蟹！！！
