8、python中的try/except/else/finally语句

2019-09-10 16:01:01 浏览数 (1)

用实例来解释下Python中的try/except/else/finally语句的执行顺序

1、如果try中的语句块执行成功,则会先执行try,再执行else,再执行finally

代码语言:javascript复制
a='abc'
try:
    print(a[0])
except IndexError as e:
    print('AAA')
except IOError as e:
    print('BBB')
else:
    print('CCC')
finally:
    print('DDD')

运行结果为:

代码语言:javascript复制
C:Python36python.exe E:/python/test1/day5/try.py
a
CCC
DDD

2、如果try语句块未执行成功,出现异常,则从except中找对应的异常,能找到就打印,然后去执行finally

代码语言:javascript复制


a='abc'


try:
    print(a[9])
except IOError as e:
    print('AAA')
except IndexError as e:
    print('BBB')
else:
    print('CCC')
finally:
    print('DDD')

上面a[9] 会导致IndexError,即try语句块报IndexError异常,那么去第一个except找对应的错误,第一个是IOError,不匹配,继续从下面的except找,第二个是IndexError,匹配,执行该语句块,打印‘BBB’,然后打印finally语句。

执行结果:

代码语言:javascript复制
C:Python36python.exe E:/python/test1/day5/try.py
BBB
DDD

3、如果try语句块未执行成功,出现异常,则从except中找对应的异常,当在所有的except中都找不到匹配的异常,则会将异常抛出,然后去执行finally。(并不是匹配不到执行else)

代码语言:javascript复制

a='abc'
try:
    print(a[9])
except IOError as e:
    print('AAA')
except ImportError as e:
    print('BBB')
else:
    print('CCC')
finally:
    print('DDD')

执行结果:

代码语言:javascript复制
C:Python36python.exe E:/python/test1/day5/try.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
DDD
  File "E:/python/test1/day5/try.py", line 4, in <module>
    print(a[9])
IndexError: string index out of range

Process finished with exit code 1

4、如果我们想匹配不到异常则统一执行某个动作怎么办?使用except Exception as e语句

代码语言:javascript复制
a='abc'


try:
    print(a[9])
except IOError as e:
    print('AAA')
except ImportError as e:
    print('BBB')
except Exception as e:
    print('EEE')
else:
    print('CCC')
finally:
    print('DDD')

执行结果:

代码语言:javascript复制
C:Python36python.exe E:/python/test1/day5/try.py
EEE
DDD
Process finished with exit code 0

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