由于WCF的机制,连接池会在连接建立一定时间后超时,即使设置了超时时间非常长,也可能被服务端系统主动回收。之前做项目时碰到了这个问题,所以项目上考虑采用长连接,自动管理连接池,当连接超时后,自动重建,保持会话,这样在业务层就不需要再去处理连接超时的问题。具体的思路是,在程序启动时,先将需要使用长连接的连接放到长连接容器中,并设置连接的最大数量,在使用时,轮询使用连接,当使用时捕获到异常时,自动切换到下一个连接,并重建上一个连接。代码如下:
AliveConnection类功能是保持连接,具体执行WCF调用,在检测到连接不可用时进行重建。
代码语言:javascript复制class AliveConnection<T> where T : System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject, new()
{
private string _endpointConfigName = string.Empty;
private T _instance = default(T);
/// <summary>
/// 正在执行其他过程时,设置为正忙。执行完成后闲置
/// 连接出错后,正在重新连接创建时设置为正忙,解除正忙状态有俩种情况:
/// 1.第一次重建连接成功后;
/// 2.在线程中重试成功后;
/// </summary>
public bool IsBusy { get; set; }
internal AliveConnection(string endpointConfigName)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(endpointConfigName.Trim())) throw new ArgumentException("终结点不能配置为空。");
_endpointConfigName = endpointConfigName;
//_instance = CreateConnection();
}
internal bool Execute(Action<T> expression)
{
try
{
Open();
expression(_instance);
return true;
}
catch (System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException e)
{
return false;
}
}
internal bool Execute<TResult>(Func<T, TResult> expression,out TResult result)
{
result = default(TResult);
try
{
Open();
result = expression(_instance);
return true;
}
catch (System.ServiceModel.CommunicationException e)
{
return false;
}
}
private void Open()
{
if (_instance == null)//使用时才创建
{
_instance = CreateConnection();
_instance.Faulted = Faulted;
}
if (_instance.State != System.ServiceModel.CommunicationState.Opened)
_instance.Open();
}
private void Faulted(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
lock (_instance)
{
IsBusy = true;
//失败后锁住并重新建立连接
_instance = CreateConnection();
}
}
private T CreateConnection()
{
try
{
var instance = (T)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T), _endpointConfigName);
IsBusy = false;
return instance;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
IsBusy = true;
RetryWhenFailed();
throw new Exception("创建连接失败,请检测终结点配置和服务。", e);
}
}
//创建一个线程来不间断重试创建连接
private void RetryWhenFailed()
{
int retryTimes = 0;
Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
while (true)
{
//如果抛出异常,表示创建失败,继续重试,如果睡眠时间大于60秒,则睡眠时间不再增加
try
{
retryTimes ;
_instance = (T)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T), _endpointConfigName);
IsBusy = false;
break;
}
catch
{
int sleepMillionSeconds = retryTimes * 5 * 1000;
sleepMillionSeconds = sleepMillionSeconds > 60 * 1000 ? 60 * 1000 : sleepMillionSeconds;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(sleepMillionSeconds);
continue;
}
}
});
}
}
另外我们需要一个类,来做连接的初始化,并做轮询,并且暴露执行的函数。
代码语言:javascript复制 /// <summary>
/// WCF长连接容器
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">待创建的WCF服务类型</typeparam>
public class AliveConnectionContainer<T>
where T : System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject, new()
{
#region fields
private List<AliveConnection<T>> _connections = null;//所有连接
private int _currentConnectionIndex = 0;//当前使用的连接的索引
#endregion
#region Octor
/// <summary>
/// 通过终结点配置名称,创建长连接。如果终结点数不等于连接数,则轮询跟节点配置列表,最终创建达到连接数的连接。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="maxConnection">需要创建的长连接数</param>
/// <param name="endpointConfigNames">所有的终结点配置名称,对应配置节点里bind的name</param>
/// <exception>如果终结点配置为空,则抛出异常,如果创建失败,也会抛出异常</exception>
public AliveConnectionContainer(int maxConnection, params string[] endpointConfigNames)
{
_connections = new List<AliveConnection<T>>(maxConnection);
int tmpIndex = 0;
for (int index = 0; index < maxConnection; index )
{
if (tmpIndex >= endpointConfigNames.Count()) tmpIndex = 0;
_connections.Add(new AliveConnection<T>(endpointConfigNames[tmpIndex]));
}
}
#endregion
#region public method
/// <summary>
/// 执行服务调用,会一直轮询执行直到执行成功
/// </summary>
/// <param name="expression">需要调用的处理方法</param>
public void Execute(Action<T> expression)
{
Func<bool> executeExpression = () => Instance.Execute(expression);
Execute(executeExpression);
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行服务调用,会一直轮询执行直到执行成功
/// </summary>
/// <param name="expression">需要调用的处理方法</param>
public TResult Execute<TResult>(Func<T, TResult> expression)
{
TResult result = default(TResult);
Func<bool> executeExpression = () => Instance.Execute(expression,out result);
Execute(executeExpression);
return result;
}
private void Execute(Func<bool> expression)
{
bool success = false;
int failedCount = 0;
try
{
while (true)
{
success = expression();
if (!success) failedCount ;
else break;
if (failedCount >= _connections.Count) throw new Exception("没有可用的服务,请检测服务运行状态。");
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new Exception("执行WCF服务调用失败。", e);
}
}
#endregion
#region private method
private AliveConnection<T> Instance
{
get
{
if (_connections == null || _connections.Count == 0) throw new Exception("没有可用的连接,请先设置连接。");
AliveConnection<T> result;
while (!(result = GetInstance()).IsBusy) break;//轮询直到找到空闲的连接
return result;
}
}
private AliveConnection<T> GetInstance()
{
if (_currentConnectionIndex >= _connections.Count) _currentConnectionIndex = 0;
return _connections[_currentConnectionIndex ];
}
#endregion
}
使用静态类,做全局的WCF连接注册和检索使用
代码语言:javascript复制/// <summary>
/// 长连接服务的管理类
/// </summary>
/// <example>
/// AliveConnectionManager.Register<Service>(endpoints,10);
/// var client = AliveConnectionManager.Resolve<Service>();
/// List<Movie> movies;
/// client.Execute(service => movies = service.GetMovies());
/// </example>
public static class AliveConnectionManager
{
private static Dictionary<Type, object> _container = new Dictionary<Type, object>();
/// <summary>
/// 根据输入的终结点列表,在app.config文件中查找对应的终结点,并建立连接
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">要注册的WCF的服务类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="maxConnection">连接数</param>
/// <param name="endpointConfigNames">配置的终结点列表</param>
public static void Register<T>(int maxConnection, params string[] endpointConfigNames)
where T : System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject, new()
{
if (_container.ContainsKey(typeof(T))) throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("容器中已经添加过{0}的长连接服务。", typeof(T)));
_container.Add(typeof(T), new AliveConnectionContainer<T>(maxConnection, endpointConfigNames));
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取类型为T的长连接服务
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">待获取的WCF的服务类型</typeparam>
/// <returns>对应类型为T的服务</returns>
public static AliveConnectionContainer<T> Resolve<T>() where T : System.ServiceModel.ICommunicationObject, new()
{
Type type = typeof(T);
if (!_container.ContainsKey(type)) throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("没有找到类型为{0}的长连接服务。", type));
return _container[type] as AliveConnectionContainer<T>;
}
}
服务注册代码
代码语言:javascript复制 AliveConnectionManager.Register<Service>(endpoints,10);
调用服务
代码语言:javascript复制var client = AliveConnectionManager.Resolve<Service>();
List<Movie> movies;
client.Execute(service => movies = service.GetMovies());
Service即我们在客户端引入的WCF服务