Hive学习——命令行

1 通过hive --help --service cli查看命令行

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# hive --help --service cli
usage: hive
-d,--define <key=value> Variable substitution to apply to Hive commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B
--database <databasename> Specify the database to use
-e <quoted-query-string> SQL from command line
-f <filename> SQL from files
-H,--help  Print help information
 --hiveconf <property=value> Use value for given property
 --hivevar <key=value>      Variable substitution to apply to Hive commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
-i <filename> Initialization SQL file
-S,--silent Silent mode in interactive shell
-v,--verbose Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the console)

2 set 命令

1）显示某个变量值

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hive> set env:HOME;
env:HOME=/root

2）显示所有变量

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hive> set

3）设置变量

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#hive --define name=jerry
hive> set name;
name=jerry
hive> set hivevar:name;
hivevar:name=jerry
hive> set hivevar:name=JerryGu;
hive> set name;
name=JerryGu
hive> set hivevar:name;
hivevar:name=JerryGu

注意：

hivevar 是可选的

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--define <key=value>

等价于

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--hivevar <key=value>

4）使用变量

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hive> create table myuser(id
int,${hivevar:name} string);
hive> desc myuser;
id  int                                      
jerrygu   string

用到${hivevar:name}

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hive> create table myuser1(id
int,${name} string);
hive> desc myuser1;
id  int                                      
jerrygu   string

用到${name}

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hive> drop table myuser;
hive> drop table myuser1;

5）系统变量

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hive> set hive.cli.print.current.db;
hive.cli.print.current.db=false
hive> set
hiveconf:hive.cli.print.current.db=true;
hive> set hive.cli.print.current.db;
hive.cli.print.current.db=true
hive> set
hiveconf:hive.cli.print.current.db=flase;

3 system变量与env变量

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hive> set system:user.name;
system:user.name=root
hive>set system:user.name=jerry;
hive> set system:user.name;
system:user.name=root
hive> set env:HOME;
env:HOME=/root
hive> set env:HOME=/home/jerry;
env:* variables can not be set.

注意：system变量可以修改，env变量只读。

4 一次性使用命令 -e -S

在Linux Shell 下可以一次性使用hive命令（假设demo.person表已经存在，后面介绍）

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# hive -S -e "use demo;select * from
person" >/home/jerry/myquery;
# cat /home/jerry/myquery
1 elite0      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
2 elite1      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
3 elite2      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
4 elite3      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
5 elite4      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
6 elite5      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}

>文件重定向

注意：

1. SQL语句引号。
2. 分号结束。

5 从文件中执行hive查询：-f

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#gedit /home/jerry/hive/query.hql
use demo;
select * from person;
# hive -f /home/jerry/hive/query.hql
OK
Time taken: 3.719 seconds
OK
1 elite0      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
2 elite1      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
3 elite2      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
4 elite3      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
5 elite4      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
6 elite5      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}

6 执行前指定先执行某个命令：-i

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#gedit /home/.hiverc
ADD JAR /home/jerry/jar/my.jar;
set hive.cli.print.current.db=true;
set hive.exec.mode.local.auto=true;
#hive -i /home/.hiverc

7 显示字段名称：set hive.cli.print.header=true;

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hive> set hive.cli.print.header=true;
hive> select * from person;
erson.id person.name person.age    person.likes   person.address
1 elite0      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
2 elite1      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
3 elite2      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
4 elite3      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
5 elite4      10   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}
6 elite5      20   ["basketball","music","dance"]    {"adderss":"xx"}

8 其他

1）自动补全

2）记录历史

3）执行Shell命令（!开始；分号结束）

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hive> ! ls /home/jerry;
Desktop
Documents
Downloads
hive
Music
Pictures
Public
snap
Templates
Tools
Videos
hive>

4）执行dfs命令

去掉haddop关键字，分号结束。

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hive> dfs -ls /;
Found 2 items
drwx-wx-wx- root supergroup          0 2024-08-06 12:13 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x- root supergroup          0 2024-08-06 13:50 /user

5）注释： --

hive cli set 变量命令行

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