题目部分
在Oracle中,SQL概要(SQL Profile)的作用是什么?
♣
答案部分
SQL Profile就是为某条SQL语句提供除了系统统计信息、对象(表和索引等)统计信息之外的其它信息,比如运行环境、额外的更准确的统计信息,以帮助优化器为SQL语句选择更适合的执行计划。SQL Profile可以说是Outline的进化。Outline能够实现的功能SQL Profile也完全能够实现,而SQL Profile具有Outline不具备的优化,最重要的有两点:①SQL Profile更容易生成、更改和控制。②SQL Profile在对SQL语句的支持上做得更好,也就是适用范围更广。
对于sqlprof_attr部分的数据可以使用脚本coe_xfr_sql_profile.sql脚本生成。
使用SQL Profile的两个目的:①锁定或者说是稳定执行计划。②在不能修改应用中的SQL的情况下使SQL语句按指定的执行计划运行。
SQL Profile最大的优点是在不修改SQL语句和会话执行环境的情况下去优化SQL的执行效率,适合无法在应用程序中修改SQL时。
SQL Profile对以下类型语句有效:
l SELECT语句;
l UPDATE语句;
l INSERT语句(仅当使用SELECT子句时有效);
l DELETE语句;
l CREATE语句(仅当使用SELECT子句时有效);
l MERGE语句(仅当作UPDATE和INSERT操作时有效)。
另外,使用SQL Profile还必须有CREATE ANY SQL PROFILE、DROP ANY SQL PROFILE和ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE等系统权限。
有两种生成SQL Profile的方法,分别是手动和采用STA来生成。
(一)SQL Profile使用示例--手工创建SQL Profile
创建测试表,根据DBA_OBJECTS创建,OBJECT_ID上有索引
代码语言:javascript复制LHR@dlhr> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
LHR@dlhr> Create table TB_LHR_20160525 as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
LHR@dlhr> create index IND_TB_LHR_ID on TB_LHR_20160525(object_id);
Index created.
查看SQL默认执行计划,走了索引,通过指定Outline可以获取到系统为我们生成的hint
代码语言:javascript复制LHR@dlhr> explain plan for select * from TB_LHR_20160525 where object_id= :a;
Explained.
LHR@dlhr> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display(null,null,'outline'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4254050152
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 886 | 179K| 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TB_LHR_20160525 | 886 | 179K| 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IND_TB_LHR_ID | 354 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outline Data
-------------
/*
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$1" "TB_LHR_20160525"@"SEL$1" ("TB_LHR_20160525"."OBJECT_ID"))
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
ALL_ROWS
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.4')
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.4')
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access("OBJECT_ID"=TO_NUMBER(:A))
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)
32 rows selected.
如果我们想让它走全表扫描,首先获取全表扫描HINT
代码语言:javascript复制LHR@dlhr> explain plan for select /* full(TB_LHR_20160525) */* from TB_LHR_20160525 where object_id= :a;
Explained.
LHR@dlhr> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display(null,null,'outline'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 345881005
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 886 | 179K| 352 (2)| 00:00:05 |
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TB_LHR_20160525 | 886 | 179K| 352 (2)| 00:00:05 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outline Data
-------------
/*
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
FULL(@"SEL$1" "TB_LHR_20160525"@"SEL$1")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
ALL_ROWS
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.4')
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.4')
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("OBJECT_ID"=TO_NUMBER(:A))
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)
31 rows selected.
可以看到全表扫描的Hint已经为我们生成了,我们选取必要的hint就OK了,其它的可以不要,使用SQL Profile
代码语言:javascript复制LHR@dlhr> declare
2 v_hints sys.sqlprof_attr;
3 begin
4 v_hints := sys.sqlprof_attr('FULL(@"SEL$1" "TB_LHR_20160525"@"SEL$1")'); ----------从上面Outline Data部分获取到的HINT
5 dbms_sqltune.import_sql_profile('select * from TB_LHR_20160525 where object_id= :a', ----------SQL语句部分
6 v_hints,
7 'TB_LHR_20160525', --------PROFILE 的名字
8 force_match => true);
9 end;
10 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看是否生效,已经生效了:
代码语言:javascript复制LHR@dlhr> explain plan for select * from TB_LHR_20160525 where object_id= :a;
Explained.
LHR@dlhr> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Plan hash value: 345881005
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 886 | 179K| 352 (2)| 00:00:05 |
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TB_LHR_20160525 | 886 | 179K| 352 (2)| 00:00:05 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("OBJECT_ID"=TO_NUMBER(:A))
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)
- SQL profile "TB_LHR_20160525" used for this statement
18 rows selected.
LHR@dlhr> SELECT b.name,d.sql_text, extractvalue(value(h),'.') as hints
2 FROM dba_sql_profiles d,SYS.SQLOBJ$DATA A,
3 SYS.SQLOBJ$ B,
4 TABLE(XMLSEQUENCE(EXTRACT(XMLTYPE(A.COMP_DATA),
5 '/outline_data/hint'))) h
6 where a.signature = b.signature
7 and a.category = b.category
8 and a.obj_type = b.obj_type
9 and a.plan_id = b.plan_id
10 and a.signature=d.signature
11 and D.name = 'TB_LHR_20160525';
NAME SQL_TEXT HINTS
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
TB_LHR_20160525 select * from TB_LHR_20160525 where object_id= :a FULL(@"SEL$1" "TB_LHR_20160525"@"SEL$1")
最麻烦的sqlprof_attr('FULL(t1@SEL$1)')是这里的格式如何写,在Mos上的文章note 215187.1中的sqlt.zip的目录utl中提供了脚本coe_xfr_sql_profile.sql可以生成这些信息。
本文选自《Oracle程序员面试笔试宝典》,作者:李华荣。