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本文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40313634/article/details/84639103
滑块验证码之代码解读
实现思路: 1、输入用户名,密码 2、点击按钮验证,弹出没有缺口的图 3、获得没有缺口的图片 4、点击滑动按钮,弹出有缺口的图 5、获得有缺口的图片 6、对比两张图片,找出缺口,即滑动的位移 7、按照人的行为行为习惯,把总位移切成一段段小的位移 8、按照位移移动 9、完成登录
实现代码:
- 缺口位置 思路:分别获得缺口图像和完整图像的色素点,对比其3原色(红绿蓝),若差值超过预设的阈值,则认为此处就是缺口位置。否则,循环取下一个坐标的色素点。
def get_distance(image1,image2):
'''
:param image1:没有缺口的图片对象
:param image2:带缺口的图片对象
:return:滑动需要移动的距离
'''
threshold = 50
for i in range(0,image1.size[0]): # 图片长
for j in range(0,image1.size[1]): # 图片高
pixel1 = image1.getpixel((i,j))
pixel2 = image2.getpixel((i,j))
res_R = abs(pixel1[0]-pixel2[0]) # 计算RGB差
res_G = abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1])
res_B = abs(pixel1[2] - pixel2[2])
## 应该取 或 运算??
if res_R > threshold and res_G > threshold and res_B > threshold:
return i # 需要移动的距离
- 位移轨迹生成代码:
- 背景:网站会智能识别出非人性化的操作,导致验证失败。因此爬虫要模拟人移动滑块时的行为,具有伪装性。
- 思路:利用位移公式,前4/5路程匀加速,后1/5的匀减速。 位移公式: v = v0 at s = v0t 1/2at*t 可以先滑出目的位置一段路程,再倒退着滑回来。
def get_track(distance):
'''
:param distance: 需要移动的距离
:return: 存放每0.2秒移动的距离
'''
# 初速度
v=0
# 单位时间为0.2s来统计轨迹,轨迹即0.2内的位移
t=0.2
# 位移/轨迹列表,列表内的一个元素代表0.2s的位移
tracks=[]
# 当前的位移
current=0
# 到达mid值开始减速
mid=distance * 4/5
# 先滑过一点,最后再反着滑动回来
distance = 10
while current < distance:
if current < mid:
a = 2 # 前段路程加速运动
else:
a = -3 # 后段路程减速运动
v0 = v # 初速度
s = v0*t 0.5*a*(t**2) # 0.2秒时间内的位移
current = s # 当前的位置
tracks.append(round(s)) # 添加到轨迹列表
v= v0 a*t # 当前速度
# 反着滑动到准确位置
for i in range(3):
tracks.append(-2)
for i in range(4):
tracks.append(-1)
return tracks
- 滑块移动
print('第一步,点击滑动按钮')
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(on_element=element).perform() # 点击鼠标左键,按住不放
time.sleep(1)
print('第二步,拖动元素')
for track in track_list:
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=track, yoffset=0).perform() # 鼠标移动到距离当前位置(x,y)
if l<100:
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=-2, yoffset=0).perform()
else:
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=-5, yoffset=0).perform()
time.sleep(1)
print('第三步,释放鼠标')
ActionChains(driver).release(on_element=element).perform()
完整代码:
代码语言:javascript复制from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait # 等待元素加载的
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains #拖拽
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from PIL import Image
import requests
import time
import re
import random
from io import BytesIO
def merge_image(image_file,location_list):
"""
拼接图片
:param image_file:
:param location_list:
:return:
"""
im = Image.open(image_file)
im.save('code.jpg')
new_im = Image.new('RGB',(260,116))
# 把无序的图片 切成52张小图片
im_list_upper = []
im_list_down = []
# print(location_list)
for location in location_list:
# print(location['y'])
if location['y'] == -58: # 上半边
im_list_upper.append(im.crop((abs(location['x']),58,abs(location['x']) 10,116)))
if location['y'] == 0: # 下半边
im_list_down.append(im.crop((abs(location['x']),0,abs(location['x']) 10,58)))
x_offset = 0
for im in im_list_upper:
new_im.paste(im,(x_offset,0)) # 把小图片放到 新的空白图片上
x_offset = im.size[0]
x_offset = 0
for im in im_list_down:
new_im.paste(im,(x_offset,58))
x_offset = im.size[0]
new_im.show()
return new_im
def get_image(driver,div_path):
'''
下载无序的图片 然后进行拼接 获得完整的图片
:param driver:
:param div_path:
:return:
'''
time.sleep(2)
background_images = driver.find_elements_by_xpath(div_path)
location_list = []
for background_image in background_images:
location = {}
result = re.findall('background-image: url("(.*?)"); background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px;',background_image.get_attribute('style'))
# print(result)
location['x'] = int(result[0][1])
location['y'] = int(result[0][2])
image_url = result[0][0]
location_list.append(location)
print('==================================')
image_url = image_url.replace('webp','jpg')
# '替换url http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/579066de6/579066de6.webp'
image_result = requests.get(image_url).content
# with open('1.jpg','wb') as f:
# f.write(image_result)
image_file = BytesIO(image_result) # 是一张无序的图片
image = merge_image(image_file,location_list)
return image
def get_track(distance):
'''
拿到移动轨迹,模仿人的滑动行为,先匀加速后匀减速
匀变速运动基本公式:
①v=v0 at
②s=v0t (1/2)at²
③v²-v0²=2as
:param distance: 需要移动的距离
:return: 存放每0.2秒移动的距离
'''
# 初速度
v=0
# 单位时间为0.2s来统计轨迹,轨迹即0.2内的位移
t=0.2
# 位移/轨迹列表,列表内的一个元素代表0.2s的位移
tracks=[]
# 当前的位移
current=0
# 到达mid值开始减速
mid=distance * 7/8
distance = 10 # 先滑过一点,最后再反着滑动回来
# a = random.randint(1,3)
while current < distance:
if current < mid:
# 加速度越小,单位时间的位移越小,模拟的轨迹就越多越详细
a = random.randint(2,4) # 加速运动
else:
a = -random.randint(3,5) # 减速运动
# 初速度
v0 = v
# 0.2秒时间内的位移
s = v0*t 0.5*a*(t**2)
# 当前的位置
current = s
# 添加到轨迹列表
tracks.append(round(s))
# 速度已经达到v,该速度作为下次的初速度
v= v0 a*t
# 反着滑动到大概准确位置
for i in range(4):
tracks.append(-random.randint(2,3))
for i in range(4):
tracks.append(-random.randint(1,3))
return tracks
def get_distance(image1,image2):
'''
拿到滑动验证码需要移动的距离
:param image1:没有缺口的图片对象
:param image2:带缺口的图片对象
:return:需要移动的距离
'''
# print('size', image1.size)
threshold = 50
for i in range(0,image1.size[0]): # 260
for j in range(0,image1.size[1]): # 160
pixel1 = image1.getpixel((i,j))
pixel2 = image2.getpixel((i,j))
res_R = abs(pixel1[0]-pixel2[0]) # 计算RGB差
res_G = abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) # 计算RGB差
res_B = abs(pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) # 计算RGB差
if res_R > threshold and res_G > threshold and res_B > threshold:
return i # 需要移动的距离
def main_check_code(driver, element):
"""
拖动识别验证码
:param driver:
:param element:
:return:
"""
image1 = get_image(driver, '//div[@class="gt_cut_bg gt_show"]/div')
image2 = get_image(driver, '//div[@class="gt_cut_fullbg gt_show"]/div')
# 图片上 缺口的位置的x坐标
# 2 对比两张图片的所有RBG像素点,得到不一样像素点的x值,即要移动的距离
l = get_distance(image1, image2)
print('l=',l)
# 3 获得移动轨迹
track_list = get_track(l)
print('第一步,点击滑动按钮')
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(on_element=element).perform() # 点击鼠标左键,按住不放
time.sleep(1)
print('第二步,拖动元素')
for track in track_list:
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=track, yoffset=0).perform() # 鼠标移动到距离当前位置(x,y)
time.sleep(0.002)
time.sleep(1)
print('第三步,释放鼠标')
ActionChains(driver).release(on_element=element).perform()
time.sleep(5)
def main_check_slider(driver):
"""
检查滑动按钮是否加载
:param driver:
:return:
"""
while True:
try :
driver.get('http://www.cnbaowen.net/api/geetest/')
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 30, 0.5).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'gt_slider_knob')))
if element:
return element
except TimeoutException as e:
print('超时错误,继续')
time.sleep(5)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
count = 6 # 最多识别6次
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 等待滑动按钮加载完成
element = main_check_slider(driver)
while count > 0:
main_check_code(driver,element)
time.sleep(2)
try:
success_element = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.gt_holder .gt_ajax_tip.gt_success')
# 得到成功标志
print('suc=',driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.gt_holder .gt_ajax_tip.gt_success'))
success_images = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(success_element))
if success_images:
print('成功识别!!!!!!')
count = 0
break
except NoSuchElementException as e:
print('识别错误,继续')
count -= 1
print(6 - count)
time.sleep(2)
else:
print('too many attempt check code ')
exit('退出程序')
finally:
driver.close()