6 张图带你深入了解 kube-scheduler

kube-scheduler 用途

顾名思义：负责将 Pod 调度到 Node 上。

Pod 创建流程：

说明：所有的组件只与 Apiserver 做交互，Apiserver 再把信息更新的 Etcd 中。

用户向 Kubernetes API server 发送创建（create/apply）指令。
Apiserver 接收到配置文件，进行校验后，将配置数据存储到 etcd 中。
Controller-manager 监听 Apiserver 的变化，检测到有新的 Pod 对象时，控制器创建 Pod 并将其状态设为 Pending。
Scheduler 也通过监听 Apiserver 的变化，发现有新的、尚未分配节点的 Pod。根据预选策略和优选策略，选择一个最适合的 Node 来运行新的 Pod。
Pod 被调度到对应的 Node 后，该 Node 上的 kubelet 组件则开始根据 Pod 配置文件，拉镜像、启动 app、就绪探针探测。
Kubelet 向 Apiserver 上报状态为 Reday， Apiserver 写入到 etcd 中。

Scheduler 调度流程

Scheduler 的作用是负责将 Pod 调度到 Node 上。

如果让你设计这个组件，你会如何设计，保证它稳定高效的运行。

1）需要能够实时监听到有新的 Pod 待调度

2）同一时间如果有大量待调度的 Pod，如果处理，如果保证不能漏掉，应该先处理哪个 Pod，调度过程中，如果失败，如何处理，所以得加个队列，有重试机制等

3）调度过程中依赖 Node、Pod 的实时信息，根据 Node、Pod 信息，决策 Pod 调度到哪个Node上合适，每次调度调 Apiserver ，显然低效，得在本地缓存一份数据，加个缓存

4）调度选择过程中，考虑因素太多，很难周全，可扩展性一定要设计好

5）Pod 绑定过程中可能依赖 pvc 绑定等，耗时较长，所以绑定得是异步的，但是匹配哪个Node合适的算法需要同步执行，所以要有两个周期，调度周期和绑定周期，调度周期串行，绑定周期并行

duang，框架这不就出来的了

源码调用链路

原图放到 Github 上了，需要的自取，图片使用 draw.io 画的，可打开后二次编辑 https://github.com/clay-wangzhi/draw/blob/main/k8s-scheduler.png

代码语言：javascript复制

# 42个序号对应的源码位置依次为：
1 找到启动主函数
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/scheduler.go#L30
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/app/server.go#L81
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/scheduler.go#L31
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/app/server.go#L134

2 Setup 初始化
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/app/server.go#L153
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/app/server.go#L384

3、16 初始化 scheduler 实例
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/app/server.go#L413
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L363
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L65

4、5 初始化 snapshot 实例
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L293
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache/snapshot.go#L48
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache/snapshot.go#L29

6、7、8、9 初始化 profiles、fwk 实例
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L304
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/profile/profile.go#L49
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/profile/profile.go#L38
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L260
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L53

10、11、12 初始化 podQueue 实例
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L340
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue/scheduling_queue.go#L134
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue/scheduling_queue.go#L372
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue/scheduling_queue.go#L155

13、14、15 初始化 schedulerCache 实例
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L357
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache/cache.go#L41
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache/cache.go#L87
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache/cache.go#L57

17、18 运行 scheduler
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/app/server.go#L159
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/cmd/kube-scheduler/app/server.go#L163
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L460

19、运行 SchedulingQueue
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L462
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue/scheduling_queue.go#L417

20、21 从队列中拿出 Pod 进行调度
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/scheduler.go#L470
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L65
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue/scheduling_queue.go#L944

获取 fwk
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L85
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L368

22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35 进入 调度周期
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L110
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L138
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L148
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L400

更新 Snapshot
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L403
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache/cache.go#L185

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L412
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/cache/snapshot.go#L173

运行 PreFilterPlugins
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L463
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L698

运行 FilterPlugin
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L507
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L582
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L616
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L649
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L973
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L861

运行 PreScorePlugins
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L435
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L754
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L777
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1052

运行 ScorePlugins
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L783
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1101

运行 ReservePluginsReserve
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L208
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1359

运行 PermitPlugins
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L230
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1443

36、37、38、39、40、41 进入 绑定周期
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L124
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L264

运行 WaitOnPermit
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L277
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1503

运行 PreBindPlugins
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L293
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1232

运行 BindPlugins
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L309
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L967
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L977
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1275

运行 PostBindPlugins
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L322
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/framework/runtime/framework.go#L1324

42 标记 Pod 调度已完成，不要回队列
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/schedule_one.go#L131
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue/scheduling_queue.go#L981
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.31.0/pkg/scheduler/internal/queue/scheduling_queue.go#L988

具体代码就不贴了，太多了，可以根据调用链路图，梳理下，看不懂的可以问 gpt。

Scheduler Framework 调度器

上面调度链路图，可以清晰的看出 Framework 调度算法的扩展点。

具体每个扩展点包含哪些 plugin，每个 plugin 可作用于那些扩展点，如下图：

如何扩展

如果我们要实现自己的插件，必须向调度框架注册插件并完成配置，另外还必须实现扩展点接口。

1）向调度框架注册插件 & 扩展点实现接口如下：

out-of-tree 实现扩展示例

main.go

代码语言：javascript复制

package main

import (
 "os"

 "k8s.io/component-base/cli"
 _ "k8s.io/component-base/metrics/prometheus/clientgo" // for rest client metric registration
 _ "k8s.io/component-base/metrics/prometheus/version"  // for version metric registration
 "k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kube-scheduler/app"

 "xxx/pkg/example"

 // Ensure scheme package is initialized.
 _ "sigs.k8s.io/scheduler-plugins/apis/config/scheme"
)

func main() {
 // Register custom plugins to the scheduler framework.
 // Later they can consist of scheduler profile(s) and hence
 // used by various kinds of workloads.
 command := app.NewSchedulerCommand(
  app.WithPlugin(example.Name, example.New),
 )

 code := cli.Run(command)
 os.Exit(code)
}

example.go

代码语言：javascript复制

package example

import (
 "context"

 v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 "k8s.io/klog/v2"
 "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/scheduler/framework"
)

const Name = "example"

var _ framework.FilterPlugin = &ExamplePlugin{}

type ExamplePlugin struct{}

// NewExampleSchedPlugin initializes a new plugin and returns it.
func NewExamplePlugin(_ runtime.Object, _ framework.Handle) (framework.Plugin, error) {
 return &ExamplePlugin{}, nil
}

func (e *ExamplePlugin) Filter(ctx context.Context, state *framework.CycleState, pod *v1.Pod, nodeInfo *framework.NodeInfo) *framework.Status {
 cpu := nodeInfo.Allocatable.MilliCPU
 memory := nodeInfo.Allocatable.Memory
 klog.InfoS("tanjunchen-scheduler Filter", "pod_name", pod.Name, "current node", nodeInfo.Node().Name, "cpu", cpu, "memory", memory)
 return framework.NewStatus(framework.Success, "")
}

func (e *ExamplePlugin) Name() string {
 return Name
}

2）进行配置， enable 插件

编写 kube-scheduler 启动命令配置文件 example-cm.yaml

一个 ksc 里面可以描述多个 profile，会启动多个独立 scheduler。 pod 想用哪个 schduler，就填对应的 schdulerName。如果没指定，就是 default-scheduler。由于这个配置是给 kube-scheduler 的，而不是 kube-apiserver，所以 k api-resources 或 k get KubeSchedulerConfiguration 都是找不到这个资源的。

代码语言：javascript复制

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: example-scheduler-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  scheduler-config.yaml: |
    apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
    leaderElection:
      leaderElect: false
    clientConnection:
      acceptContentTypes: ""
      burst: 100
      contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
      qps: 100
    profiles:
    - schedulerName: example-scheduler
      plugins:
        filter:
          enabled:
          - name: "example"

3）使用自定义 scheduler

Pod yaml 文件中指定 schedulerName: example-scheduler 即可使用自定义 Scheduler 了

rbac授权及自定义 Scheduler 部署文件：略

enjoy~

参考链接：

深入理解 Kubernetes Scheduler Framework 调度框架（Part 2）：https://tanjunchen.github.io/post/2024-04-07-scheduler-framework-02/
K8s 调度框架设计与 scheduler plugins 开发部署示例（2024）：https://arthurchiao.art/blog/k8s-scheduling-plugins-zh/

下篇文章，我们分析 crane 和 koordinator 中负载感知调度中的插件。

我是 Clay，下期见

github kubernetes https com scheduler

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