学习SQLite之路(五) C/C++ SQLite开发实例

2018-01-11 17:11:51 浏览数 (1)

  介绍一种乌班图中使用sqlite的用法,非常简单,下面的例子是在乌班图12.04中实现的:

1,先安装两个东西

sudo apt-get install sqlite sqlite3

sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev  // 不然可能会报 没有头文件 sqlite3.h

2,C/C 接口:一般用到下面这三个,详情请参考sqlite官方文档。

(1)sqlite3_open(const char *filename, sqlite3 **ppDb)

    打开一个数据库连接, 返回sqlite3对象。

(2)sqlite3_exec(sqlite3*, const char *sql, sqlite_callback, void *data, char **errmsg)

解析并执行由 sql 参数所给的每个命令,直到字符串结束或者遇到错误为止。

(3)sqlite3_close(sqlite3*)

    关闭之前打开的数据库。

3、打开数据库并创建表

代码语言:javascript复制
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sqlite3.h>

// 暂时先不管
static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < argc; i  )
    {
        printf("%s = %sn",azColName[i], argv[i]?argv[i]:"NULL");
    }

    printf("n");
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    sqlite3* db;
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    int rc;
    char *sql;

    rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);  // 打开数据库
    if(rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database:%sn", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
//        exit(0);
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"open database succeddfullyn");
    }

    sql = "create table company(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE TEXT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50))";

    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg); // 执行上面sql中的命令
    if(SQLITE_OK != rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %sn", zErrMsg);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "create table successfullyn");
    }

    sqlite3_close(db);
    return 0;
}

运行:需要链接sqlite3库,下面的其他操作也是如此。

代码语言:javascript复制
 gcc sqlite3test.c -o create -l sqlite3

4、插入数据:

代码语言:javascript复制
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sqlite3.h>

static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < argc; i  )
    {
        printf("%s = %sn",azColName[i], argv[i]?argv[i]:"NULL");
    }

    printf("n");
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    sqlite3* db;
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    int rc;
    char *sql;

    rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
    if(rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database:%sn", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
//        exit(0);
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"open database succeddfullyn");
    }

//    sql = "create table company(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, NAME TEXT NOT NULL, AGE TEXT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR(50))";

    sql = "insert into company(ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS) values(1, 'Paul', 25, 'USA');
        insert into company(ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS) values(2, 'James', 28, 'JAP');
        insert into company(ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS) values(3, 'Yao', 30, 'CHA');
        insert into company(ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS) values(4, 'kobe', 38, 'USA');";

    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
    if(SQLITE_OK != rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %sn", zErrMsg);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "insert table successfullyn");
    }

    sqlite3_close(db);
    return 0;
}

5、查询数据:

注意:这里的callback函数,是sqlite的一个回调函数,格式如下(必须按照这个格式): int sqlite_callback( void* NotUsed,    /* 由 sqlite3_exec() 的第四个参数传递而来 */ int argc,        /* 表的列数 */ char** argv,    /* 指向查询结果的指针数组, 可以由 sqlite3_column_text() 得到 */ char** azColName /* 指向表头名的指针数组, 可以由 sqlite3_column_name() 得到 */ );

执行sqlite3_exec() 时作为参数传进去。

说明:

参数:     NotUsed:由sqlite3_exec传递的初始化参数     argc:表头的列数     azColName:表头的名字数组指针,在我们的例子就是指向{ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS}的指针     argv:表头的数据数组指针 返回值:     1:中断查找     0:继续列举查询到的数据

代码语言:javascript复制
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sqlite3.h>

static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < argc; i  )
    {
        printf("%s = %sn",azColName[i], argv[i]?argv[i]:"NULL");
    }

    printf("n");
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    sqlite3* db;
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    int rc;
    char *sql;

    rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
    if(rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database:%sn", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
//        exit(0);
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"open database succeddfullyn");
    }

    sql = "select * from  company;";

    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
    if(SQLITE_OK != rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %sn", zErrMsg);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "select table successfullyn");
    }

    sqlite3_close(db);
    return 0;
}

请看输出:

6、更新并查询:

代码语言:javascript复制
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sqlite3.h>

static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < argc; i  )
    {
        printf("%s = %sn",azColName[i], argv[i]?argv[i]:"NULL");
    }

    printf("n");
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    sqlite3* db;
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    int rc;
    char *sql;

    rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
    if(rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database:%sn", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
//        exit(0);
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"open database succeddfullyn");
    }

    sql = "update  company set ADDRESS = 'RUS' where ID = 3;
        select * from company;";

    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
    if(SQLITE_OK != rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %sn", zErrMsg);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "update table successfullyn");
    }

    sqlite3_close(db);
    return 0;
}

7、删除并查询:

代码语言:javascript复制
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sqlite3.h>

static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < argc; i  )
    {
        printf("%s = %sn",azColName[i], argv[i]?argv[i]:"NULL");
    }

    printf("n");
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    sqlite3* db;
    char *zErrMsg = 0;
    int rc;
    char *sql;

    rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db);
    if(rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database:%sn", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
//        exit(0);
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"open database succeddfullyn");
    }

    sql = "delete from company where ID = 2;
        select * from company;";

    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg);
    if(SQLITE_OK != rc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %sn", zErrMsg);
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "delete table successfullyn");
    }

    sqlite3_close(db);
    return 0;
}

8,上面的例子可在下面找到:

https://github.com/xcywt/MySQLite

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