macvtap实践教程

2019-07-25 15:39:11 浏览数 (1)

概述

macvtap是虚拟机网络虚拟化常用的一种技术,当然容器也可以用。MACVTAP 的实现基于传统的 MACVLAN。

和 TAP 设备一样,每一个 MACVTAP 设备拥有一个对应的 Linux 字符设备,并拥有和 TAP 设备一样的 IOCTL 接口,因此能直接被 KVM/Qemu使用,方便地完成网络数据交换工作。

引入 MACVTAP 设备的目标是:简化虚拟化环境中的交换网络,代替传统的 Linux TAP 设备加 Bridge 设备组合,同时支持新的虚拟化网络技术,如 802.1 Qbg。

如kata的虚拟化网络就用了这个技术,以下实践完就会对kata的网络原理比较清楚了,建议对照教程动手实践.

此图非常重要,读整篇文章最好脑海里都有。

我们会起两个libvirt容器,一个作为客户端去测试连接虚拟机,也就是左边这个。

右边会在容器中起虚拟机,容器的eth0做一个macvtap给虚拟机用,macvtap0会把收到的包都发给虚拟机的eth0

初始化环境

| qemu libvirt环境

我已经做好了qemu libvirt的镜像,大家可以直接使用: 在容器中有非常多的好处,环境如果乱了可以快速恢复干净的环境。 使用设备对也可减少对宿主机网络的影响。

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docker run -d --privileged -v /dev:/dev -v 
    /home/fanux:/root --name qemu-vm 
    fanux/libvirt:latest init    

注意:

  1. 网络等操作需要容器有特权模式
  2. tap网络需要挂载/dev目录
  3. /home/fanux可以作为工作目录,镜像自己编写的libvirt配置等放在里面防止删除容器后丢失
  4. 由于libvirt需要systemd所以我们在容器中启动init进程

也可自己构建镜像,我提供了一个Dockerfile, -j参数根据你机器CPU来设置编译时的线程数:

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FROM centos:7.6.1810
RUN yum install -y wget && wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.0.0.tar.xz && 
    tar xvJf qemu-4.0.0.tar.xz  
    && yum install -y automake gcc-c   gcc make autoconf libtool gtk2-devel 
    && cd qemu-4.0.0 
    && ./configure 
    && make -j 72 && make install 
    && yum install -y bridge-utils && yum install -y net-tools tunctl iproute && yum -y install openssh-clients 
    cd .. && rm qemu-4.0.0.tar.xz && rm -rf qemu-4.0.0
RUN yum install -y libvirt virt-manager gustfish openssh-clients    

| 虚拟机镜像

进入容器

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[root@compute84 libvirt]# docker exec -it qemu-vm bash
bash-4.2# cd
bash-4.2# ls
CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2     centos.qcow2      image    nohup.out  start.sh  vm3.xml
CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso       cloud-init-start.sh  kernel   qemu  vm.xml
Fedora-Cloud-Base-30-1.2.x86_64.qcow2  destroy.sh      libvirt  run.sh  vm2.xml    

下载虚拟机镜像:

openstack已经提供很多已经装过cloud-init的镜像,地址:

https://docs.openstack.org/image-guide/obtain-images.html

我用的一个比较新的centos的qcow2格式镜像:

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wget http://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1905.qcow2    

修改虚拟机root密码:

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virt-customize -a CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2 
     --root-password password:coolpass    

| 启动虚拟机

查看容器网络信息:

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bash-4.2# systemctl start libvirtd
bash-4.2# ip addr
1310: eth0@if1311: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    

编写libvirt配置

vm3.xml:

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<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>vm3</name>
  <memory unit='MiB'>2048</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='MiB'>2048</currentMemory>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
  <disk type='file' device='disk'>
       <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
       <source file='/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2'/>
       <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
  </disk>
  <interface type='direct'> 
    <source dev='eth0' mode='bridge' /> 
    <model type='virtio' />    
    <driver name='vhost' /> 
  </interface>
  <serial type='pty'>
    <target port='0'/>
  </serial>
  <console type='pty'>
    <target type='serial' port='0'/>
  </console>
  </devices>
</domain>    

这里配置正确镜像地址,interface的地方是macvtap相关的配置。

启动虚拟机

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bash-4.2# virsh define vm3.xml 
Domain vm3 defined from vm3.xml
bash-4.2# virsh start vm3     
Domain vm3 started    

启动完后就可以看到macvtap0设备被创建出来了

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bash-4.2# ip addr
7: macvtap0@eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 500
    link/ether 52:54:00:56:e4:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe56:e420/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    

进入到虚拟机:

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virsh console vm3    

如果卡在这一步:

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A start job is running for LSB: Bri... networking
cloud-init[2253]: 2019-06-27 08:37:09,971 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://192.168.122.1/latest/meta-data/instance-id' failed [87/120s]: request error    

等它超时就好,因为macvtap时我们需要进入虚拟机去配置网络。 然后就可以进入虚拟机了:

代码语言:javascript复制
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Kernel 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64

localhost login: root
Password: 
Last login: Thu Jun 27 07:19:32 from gateway    

密码是我们上面设置的镜像密码:coolpass

配置虚拟机IP

启动完虚拟机是没有IP地址的,需要我们进行配置

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[root@localhost ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:56:e4:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe56:e420/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    
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[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 172.17.0.2/16 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip route add default via 172.17.0.1 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:56:e4:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe56:e420/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ip route 
default via 172.17.0.1 dev eth0 
172.17.0.0/16 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.2 
[root@localhost ~]# ping 172.17.0.1
PING 172.17.0.1 (172.17.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.622 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.194 ms    

配置完后就可以ping通网关了。

修改DNS配置

这个不改可能会导致ssh时非常慢:

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[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
; Created by cloud-init on instance boot automatically, do not edit.
;
; generated by /usr/sbin/dhclient-script
nameserver 114.114.114.114    
修改sshd配置

修改/etc/ssh/sshd-config文件,将其中的PermitRootLogin no修改为yes,PubkeyAuthentication yes修改为no,AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys前面加上#屏蔽掉,PasswordAuthentication no修改为yes就可以了。

启动ssh客户端容器
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docker run --rm -it fanux/libvirt bash
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[root@ee18547e9ed2 /]# ssh root@172.17.0.2
ssh: connect to host 172.17.0.2 port 22: Connection refused    

会发现不通, 这是因为容器里的eth0和虚拟机里的eth0都配置了相同的地址导致,只需要把容器里的eth0地址删掉即可:

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bash-4.2# ip addr del 172.17.0.2/16 dev eth0    

再次ssh即可进入虚拟机:

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[root@ee18547e9ed2 /]# ssh root@172.17.0.2
The authenticity of host '172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:kTk3yy8588WQHNtwpzS h6u0W3RELWC8hJQwIwLOkdc.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:0c:f3:b5:69:c6:08:05:14:f8:da:42:2f:85:29:51:d0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.17.0.2' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.17.0.2's password: 
Last login: Thu Jun 27 08:38:00 2019
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:56:e4:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe56:e420/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    
修改虚拟机mac地址
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[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 address 52:54:00:56:e4:23    

会发现就连不上虚拟机了

改回:

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[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 address 52:54:00:56:e4:20    

又可正常连接了,为啥?

这是因为虚拟机的eth0的mac地址是必须与macvtap0的mac地址保持一样,原理很简单

  1. ARP时问IP地址是172.17.0.2的机器mac地址是什么
  2. 虚拟机回了一个52:54:00:56:e4:20
  3. macvtap0是可以理解成挂在网桥端口上的,这样就把包发给macvtap0了(因为mac地址一样,不一样就不会发给macvtap了)
  4. macvtap0就把包丢给qemu应用进程(最终到虚拟机eth0)

裸用qemu

以上是通过libvirt进行使用的,这样屏蔽了很多底层的细节,如果是直接使用qemu命令需要如下操作:

创建macvtap设备:

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ip link add link eth0 name macvtap0 type macvtap mode bridge
ip link set macvtap0 address 1a:46:0b:ca:bc:7b up
bash-4.2# cat /sys/class/net/macvtap0/ifindex  # 对应下面命令的/dev/tap2
2
bash-4.2# cat /sys/class/net/macvtap0/address # 与qemu mac地址配置一致
1a:46:0b:ca:bc:7b

启动qemu,然后虚拟机里面的地址配置同libvirt,可以通过vnc客户端(vnc viewer)进入虚拟机配置,不在赘述:

代码语言:javascript复制
bash-4.2# qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2
-netdev tap,fd=30,id=hostnet0,vhost=on,vhostfd=4 30<>/dev/tap2 4<>/dev/vhost-net 
-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=1a:46:0b:ca:bc:7b   
-monitor telnet:127.0.0.1:5801,server,nowait
VNC server running on ::1:5900

常见问题

Inappropriate ioctl for device

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qemu-system-x86_64: -net tap,fd=5: TUNGETIFF ioctl() failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
TUNSETOFFLOAD ioctl() failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device    

因为容器没有挂载/dev目录

KVM bios被禁

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[root@helix105 ~]# docker run busybox uname -a
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Could not access KVM kernel module: No such file or directory
qemu-lite-system-x86_64: failed to initialize KVM: No such file or directory

/usr/bin/docker-current: Error response from daemon: oci runtime error: Unable to launch /usr/bin/qemu-lite-system-x86_64: exit status 1.
ERRO[0001] error getting events from daemon: net/http: request canceled 
[root@helix105 ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm                   598016  0 
irqbypass              16384  1 kvm
[root@helix105 ~]# modprobe kvm-intel
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'kvm_intel': Operation not supported
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@helix105 ~]# dmesg |grep kvm
[    8.239309] kvm: disabled by bios    

这个要进bios打开

KVM: Permission denied

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bash-4.2# virsh start vm_name1
error: Failed to start domain vm_name1
error: internal error: qemu unexpectedly closed the monitor: Could not access KVM kernel module: Permission denied
2019-06-20T07:26:33.304320Z qemu-system-x86_64: failed to initialize KVM: Permission denied    

解决办法:

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#chown root:kvm /dev/kvm
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修改/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf,
#user="root"
user="root"
#group="root"
group="root"
重启服务
#service libvirtd restart,问题解决了    

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