Spark SQL 支持两种不同的方法将现有 RDD 转换为 Datasets。
- 第一种方法使用反射来推断包含特定类型对象的 RDD 的 schema。当你在编写 Spark 应用程序时,你已经知道了 schema,这种基于反射的方法会使代码更简洁,并且运行良好。
- 第二种方法是通过编程接口来创建 DataSet,这种方法允许构建一个 schema,并将其应用到现有的 RDD 上。虽然这种方法更详细,但直到运行时才知道列及其类型,才能构造 DataSets。
1. 使用反射推导schema
Spark SQL 支持自动将 JavaBeans 的 RDD 转换为 DataFrame。使用反射获取的 BeanInfo 定义了表的 schema。目前为止,Spark SQL 还不支持包含 Map 字段的 JavaBean。但是支持嵌套的 JavaBeans,List 以及 Array 字段。你可以通过创建一个实现 Serializable 的类并为其所有字段设置 getter 和 setter 方法来创建一个 JavaBean。
Java版本:
代码语言:javascript复制import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.MapFunction;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoder;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders;
// 从文本文件中创建Person对象的RDD
JavaRDD<Person> personRDD = sparkSession.read()
.textFile("src/main/resources/person.txt")
.javaRDD()
.map(line -> {
String[] parts = line.split(",");
Person person = new Person();
person.setName(parts[0]);
person.setAge(Integer.parseInt(parts[1].trim()));
return person;
});
// 在 JavaBean 的 RDD 上应用 schema 生成 DataFrame
Dataset<Row> personDataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(personRDD, Person.class);
// 注册为临时视图
personDataFrame.createOrReplaceTempView("people");
// 运行SQl
Dataset<Row> teenagersDataFrame = sparkSession.sql("SELECT name FROM people WHERE age BETWEEN 13 AND 19");
// Row中的列可以通过字段索引获取
Encoder<String> stringEncoder = Encoders.STRING();
Dataset<String> teenagerNamesByIndexDF = teenagersDataFrame.map(
(MapFunction<Row, String>) row -> "Name: " row.getString(0),
stringEncoder
);
teenagerNamesByIndexDF.show();
/**
------------
| value|
------------
|Name: Justin|
------------
*/
// Row中的列可以通过字段名称获取
Dataset<String> teenagerNamesByFieldDF = teenagersDataFrame.map(
(MapFunction<Row, String>) row -> "Name: " row.<String>getAs("name"),
stringEncoder
);
teenagerNamesByFieldDF.show();
/**
------------
| value|
------------
|Name: Justin|
------------
*/
Scala版本:
代码语言:javascript复制// For implicit conversions from RDDs to DataFrames
import spark.implicits._
// Create an RDD of Person objects from a text file, convert it to a Dataframe
val peopleDF = spark.sparkContext
.textFile("src/main/resources/person.txt")
.map(_.split(","))
.map(attributes => Person(attributes(0), attributes(1).trim.toInt))
.toDF()
// Register the DataFrame as a temporary view
peopleDF.createOrReplaceTempView("people")
// SQL statements can be run by using the sql methods provided by Spark
val teenagersDF = spark.sql("SELECT name, age FROM people WHERE age BETWEEN 13 AND 19")
// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by field index
teenagersDF.map(teenager => "Name: " teenager(0)).show()
// ------------
// | value|
// ------------
// |Name: Justin|
// ------------
// or by field name
teenagersDF.map(teenager => "Name: " teenager.getAs[String]("name")).show()
// ------------
// | value|
// ------------
// |Name: Justin|
// ------------
// No pre-defined encoders for Dataset[Map[K,V]], define explicitly
implicit val mapEncoder = org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders.kryo[Map[String, Any]]
// Primitive types and case classes can be also defined as
// implicit val stringIntMapEncoder: Encoder[Map[String, Any]] = ExpressionEncoder()
// row.getValuesMap[T] retrieves multiple columns at once into a Map[String, T]
teenagersDF.map(teenager => teenager.getValuesMap[Any](List("name", "age"))).collect()
// Array(Map("name" -> "Justin", "age" -> 19))
2. 使用编程方式指定Schema
当 JavaBean 类不能提前定义时(例如,记录的结构以字符串编码,或者解析文本数据集,不同用户字段映射方式不同),可以通过编程方式创建 DataSet,有如下三个步骤:
- 从原始 RDD(例如,JavaRDD)创建 Rows 的 RDD(JavaRDD);
- 创建由 StructType 表示的 schema,与步骤1中创建的 RDD 中的 Rows 结构相匹配。
- 通过SparkSession提供的 createDataFrame 方法将 schema 应用到 Rows 的 RDD。
Java版本:
代码语言:javascript复制import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataTypes;
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructField;
import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType;
// JavaRDD<String>
JavaRDD<String> peopleRDD = sparkSession.sparkContext()
.textFile("src/main/resources/person.txt", 1)
.toJavaRDD();
// JavaRDD<Row>
JavaRDD<Row> rowRDD = peopleRDD.map((Function<String, Row>) record -> {
String[] attributes = record.split(",");
return RowFactory.create(attributes[0], attributes[1].trim());
});
// 字符串 schema
String schemaString = "name age";
// 根据字符串 schema 产生 schema
List<StructField> fields = new ArrayList<>();
for (String fieldName : schemaString.split(" ")) {
StructField field = DataTypes.createStructField(fieldName, DataTypes.StringType, true);
fields.add(field);
}
StructType schema = DataTypes.createStructType(fields);
// Dataset<Row>
Dataset<Row> peopleDataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema);
// 临时视图
peopleDataFrame.createOrReplaceTempView("people");
// 运行SQL
Dataset<Row> results = sparkSession.sql("SELECT name FROM people");
Dataset<String> namesDS = results.map(
(MapFunction<Row, String>) row -> "Name: " row.getString(0),
Encoders.STRING());
namesDS.show();
/**
-------------
| value|
-------------
|Name: Michael|
| Name: Andy|
| Name: Justin|
-------------
*/
Scala版本:
代码语言:javascript复制import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
// Create an RDD
val peopleRDD = spark.sparkContext.textFile("src/main/resources/person.txt")
// The schema is encoded in a string
val schemaString = "name age"
// Generate the schema based on the string of schema
val fields = schemaString.split(" ")
.map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, nullable = true))
val schema = StructType(fields)
// Convert records of the RDD (people) to Rows
val rowRDD = peopleRDD
.map(_.split(","))
.map(attributes => Row(attributes(0), attributes(1).trim))
// Apply the schema to the RDD
val peopleDF = spark.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema)
// Creates a temporary view using the DataFrame
peopleDF.createOrReplaceTempView("people")
// SQL can be run over a temporary view created using DataFrames
val results = spark.sql("SELECT name FROM people")
// The results of SQL queries are DataFrames and support all the normal RDD operations
// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by field index or by field name
results.map(attributes => "Name: " attributes(0)).show()
/**
-------------
| value|
-------------
|Name: Michael|
| Name: Andy|
| Name: Justin|
-------------
*/
Spark 版本: 2.3.1
原文:http://spark.apache.org/docs/2.3.1/sql-programming-guide.html#interoperating-with-rdds