这里主要说的是在web中的开发
同样引用一段图片和说明
Subject:主体,可以看到主体可以是任何可以与应用交互的“用户”;
SecurityManager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet或者Struts2中的FilterDispatcher;是Shiro的心脏;所有具体的交互都通过SecurityManager进行控制;它管理着所有Subject、且负责进行认证和授权、及会话、缓存的管理。
Authenticator:认证器,负责主体认证的,这是一个扩展点,如果用户觉得Shiro默认的不好,可以自定义实现;其需要认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
Authrizer:授权器,或者访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的哪些功能;
Realm:可以有1个或多个Realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的;可以是JDBC实现,也可以是LDAP实现,或者内存实现等等;由用户提供;注意:Shiro不知道你的用户/权限存储在哪及以何种格式存储;所以我们一般在应用中都需要实现自己的Realm;
SessionManager:如果写过Servlet就应该知道Session的概念,Session呢需要有人去管理它的生命周期,这个组件就是SessionManager;而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在如普通的JavaSE环境、EJB等环境;所有呢,Shiro就抽象了一个自己的Session来管理主体与应用之间交互的数据;这样的话,比如我们在Web环境用,刚开始是一台Web服务器;接着又上了台EJB服务器;这时想把两台服务器的会话数据放到一个地方,这个时候就可以实现自己的分布式会话(如把数据放到Memcached服务器);
SessionDAO:DAO大家都用过,数据访问对象,用于会话的CRUD,比如我们想把Session保存到数据库,那么可以实现自己的SessionDAO,通过如JDBC写到数据库;比如想把Session放到Memcached中,可以实现自己的Memcached SessionDAO;另外SessionDAO中可以使用Cache进行缓存,以提高性能;
CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户、角色、权限等的缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少去改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能
Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于如密码加密/解密的。
同样创建maven-web项目,大致结构如下:
pom.xml如下:
代码语言:javascript复制<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>shiro-web Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<shiro.version>1.2.4</shiro.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version> <!-- 1.2 -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- <dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency> -->
<!-- <dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-lgpl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
</dependency> -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>${shiro.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
<version>${shiro.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>shiro-web</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
<port>80</port>
<path>/shiro</path>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
然后开始配置web.xml文件
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<context-param>
<param-name>shiroConfigLocations</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/ini/shiro.ini</param-value>
<!-- <param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/ini/shiro-jdbc.ini</param-value> -->
</context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>ShiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ShiroFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ShiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.shiro.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.apache.shiro.web.env.EnvironmentLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
由于使用的ini配置文件读取用户信息,所以加入org.apache.shiro.web.env.EnvironmentLoaderListener,
然后就是对应的shiro.ini文件:
代码语言:javascript复制#登入 和没有权限的处理
[main]
authc.loginUrl=/login
roles.unauthorizedUrl=/error/unauthorized.jsp
perms.unauthorizedUrl=/error/unauthorized.jsp
#用户密码和角色
[users]
tom=1234,admin
jack=123,manager
rose=000,oper
ami=123,admin,manager
#角色对应权限
[roles]
admin=*:*
manager=user:create,user:delete,user:select,leader:create,leader:delete,leader:select
oper=user:select,leader:select
[filters]
myroles=com.shiro.filter.MyRolesAuthorizationFilter
#请求对应角色
[urls]
/login=anon
/error/*=anon
/success=authc
/Department/*=myroles[admin,manager]
#roles[xx,xxx]这种写法是且的关系
/leader=roles[admin,manager]
/user=perms["user:create"]
最后就是写相关的jsp页面和服务端的处理业务,当然这里用到了前端的一些js和css需要引入,主要是jqeruy knockout bootstrap-table,此例子没有实现完整的CRUD功能,只是作为权限控制的了解。
比如登入代码:
代码语言:javascript复制package com.shiro.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.StringUtils;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
public static String LOGIN_TYPE="login-in";
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6164825538857134973L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String type = request.getParameter("type");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
AuthenticationToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
try {
subject.login(token);
response.sendRedirect("success");
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
if(StringUtils.hasText(type)&&LOGIN_TYPE.equals(type)){
request.setAttribute("error", "用户名或密码错误!");
}
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
// e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
登出:
代码语言:javascript复制package com.shiro.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
@WebServlet("/logout")
public class LoginoutServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
SecurityUtils.getSubject().logout();
resp.sendRedirect("login");
}
}
其中的一个简单业务:
代码语言:javascript复制package com.shiro.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateFormatUtils;
import com.shiro.entity.Department;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
@WebServlet("/Department/*")
public class DepartmentController extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4025943331108753214L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("application/json,text/xml;charset=UTF-8");
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
if(uri.endsWith("/GetDepartment")){
List<Department> depts = new ArrayList<Department>();
buildDepts(depts);
// ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
// mapper.enable(SerializationFeature.WRAP_ROOT_VALUE);
// String jsonStr = mapper.writeValueAsString(depts.get(0));
JSONArray jsonArray = JSONArray.fromObject(depts);
String json = "{"total":" depts.size() ","rows":" jsonArray.toString() "}";
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(json);
out.close();
}else if(uri.endsWith("/SaveDepartment")){
}
}
private void buildDepts(List<Department> depts) {
for(int i=0;i<5;i ){
Department dept = new Department();
dept.setId("" i);
dept.setName("test" i);
dept.setDes("这是test" i);
dept.setLevel("" i);
dept.setCreateTime(DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
depts.add(dept);
}
}
}
自定义的过滤器:
代码语言:javascript复制package com.shiro.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.AuthorizationFilter;
/**
* Filter that allows access if the current user has the roles specified by the mapped value, or denies access
* if the user does not have all of the roles specified.
*
* @since 0.9
*/
public class MyRolesAuthorizationFilter extends AuthorizationFilter {
public boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws IOException {
Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
String[] rolesArray = (String[]) mappedValue;
if (rolesArray == null || rolesArray.length == 0) {
//no roles specified, so nothing to check - allow access.
return true;
}else{
for(String role:rolesArray){
if(subject.hasRole(role)){
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
}
其余都是些请求-到页面的简单处理。
这个例子做的比较简单,没有完整的CRUD,只能大致了解请求的权限控制。
例子的代码https://github.com/suspring/shiro-web.git