本篇介绍多文档窗口界面的写法。代码中并未实现关闭窗口前文档未保存的提醒对话框，因为之前已有介绍。
代码语言：javascript复制import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor, QFont, QIcon, QKeySequence
class MdiSubWindow(QMdiSubWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(MdiSubWindow, self).__init__()
def closeEvent(self, event):
self.deleteLater() #关闭后删除
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self,parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
#self.setAttribute(Qt.WA_DeleteOnClose)
self.mdi=QMdiArea() #实例化Qmidarea区域
self.setCentralWidget(self.mdi) #设置为中央窗口部件
self.createFileActions()
menuBar=self.menuBar() #实例化菜单栏
file=menuBar.addMenu('File') #添加文件菜单
#添加子菜单
file.addAction(self.fileNewAction)
file.addAction(self.separator)
file.addAction(self.exitAction)
self.windowMenu = menuBar.addMenu("&Window") #添加窗口菜单
self.windowMenu.aboutToShow.connect(self.updateWindowMenu)#用于动态更新菜
#设置主窗口的标题
self.setWindowTitle("多重文档界面示例")
def createAction(self, text,icon=None,checkable=False,slot=None,tip=None,shortcut=None):
action = QAction(text,self)
if icon is not None:
action.setIcon(QIcon(icon))
if checkable:
action.setCheckable(True)#可切换
if slot is not None: action.toggled.connect(slot)
else:
if slot is not None: action.triggered.connect(slot)
if tip is not None:
action.setToolTip(tip)#工具栏提示
action.setStatusTip(tip)#状态栏提示
if shortcut is not None:
action.setShortcut(shortcut)#快捷键
return action
def createFileActions(self): #创建文件相关动作
#动作分隔符
self.fileNewAction = self.createAction("&New",icon="filenew.png",checkable=False,
slot=self.fileNew,tip="新建文件",shortcut=QKeySequence.New)
self.separator = QAction(self)
self.separator.setSeparator(True)
self.exitAction = self.createAction("E&xit",icon="",checkable=False,
slot=self.close,tip="退出",shortcut=QKeySequence.Close)
def fileNew(self):
window =MdiSubWindow() #实例化多文档界面对象
window.setWidget(QTextEdit()) #设置sub内部部件
window.setWindowTitle('subWindow %d' % len(self.mdi.subWindowList()))#设置新建子窗口的标题
#print(sub.windowTitle())
self.mdi.addSubWindow(window) #将子窗口添加到Mdi区域
window.show() #子窗口显示
def updateWindowMenu(self):#动态显示窗口菜单
self.windowMenu.clear() # 先清空已有的菜单项
self.windowMenu.addAction('cascade')
self.windowMenu.addAction('Tiled')
self.windowMenu.addAction("Previous Window")
self.windowMenu.addAction("Next Window")
self.windowMenu.addSeparator()
for window in self.mdi.subWindowList():
action = self.windowMenu.addAction(window.windowTitle())
action.setData(window)# 关联窗口和action
self.windowMenu.addSeparator()
self.windowMenu.addAction("close Active Window")
self.windowMenu.addAction("close All Windows")
#点击QAction绑定自定义的槽函数（传递有值【QAction】）
self.windowMenu.triggered[QAction].connect(self.windowAction)
def windowAction(self,q):
if q.text()=='cascade':
self.mdi.cascadeSubWindows() #层叠显示
elif q.text()=='Tiled':
self.mdi.tileSubWindows() #平铺显示
elif q.text() == "Previous Window":
self.mdi.activatePreviousSubWindow()
elif q.text() == "Next Window":
self.mdi.activateNextSubWindow()
elif q.text() == "close Active Window":
self.mdi.closeActiveSubWindow()
elif q.text() == "close All Windows":
self.mdi.closeAllSubWindows()
else: #激活窗口
self.mdi.setActiveSubWindow(q.data())
'''
currentSubWindow(...)00
setDocumentMode(self, bool)
activateNextSubWindow(...)
activatePreviousSubWindow(...)
activeSubWindow(...)
closeAllSubWindows(...)
closeActiveSubWindow(...)
removeSubWindow(self, QWidget)
setActiveSubWindow(self, QMdiSubWindow)
subWindowList(...)
'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
app=QApplication(sys.argv)
mdi=MainWindow()
mdi.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
