R语言基础绘图教程——第5章:直方图和柱状图

R基础教程可先阅读：R语言编

1 barplot()函数绘制

数据：

Group Count1 Count2

Control 10 8

Drug1 28 13

Drug2 23 14

Drug3 9 18

Drug4 15 6

代码语言：javascript复制

#读入数据
data = read.table("barplot.txt",header=T)
#绘制条形图，仔细喊下面没一行代码都生成一个图，看他们的差别会知道参数是干嘛的。
barplot(data[,2])
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1])
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量")
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量",col="blue")
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量",col=c("grey","red","blue","orange","green")

代码语言：javascript复制

barplot(data[,2])

代码语言：javascript复制

# 添加横轴分组名称
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1])

代码语言：javascript复制

# 添加横纵坐标的名称和图片名称
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量")

代码语言：javascript复制

# 更改条形颜色
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量",col="blue")

代码语言：javascript复制

为不同的组设置不同的颜色
barplot(data[,2],names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量",col=c("grey","red","blue","orange","green"))

多种分组的柱状图：堆积柱状图

代码语言：javascript复制

#转换数据
data2 = t(data[,c(2,3)])
#绘制柱状图
barplot(as.matrix(data2))

代码语言：javascript复制

#调整图形
barplot(as.matrix(data2),
        names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量",
        col=c("blue","red"),
        legend=c("Low Dose","High Dose"),
        ylim=c(0,50))
box() #边框

代码语言：javascript复制

###------水平柱状图
par(las=2)#调整水平轴数字方向
barplot(as.matrix(data2),
        names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="统计量",
        col=c("blue","red"),
        legend=c("Low Dose","High Dose"),
        xlim=c(0,50),
        horiz=TRUE,
        space=0.5)

box() #边框

多种分组的柱状图：非堆积柱状图

代码语言：javascript复制

#非堆积柱状图
barplot(as.matrix(data2),
        names.arg = data[,1],main="条形图",xlab="分组",ylab="统计量",
        col=c("blue","red"),
        legend=c("Low Dose","High Dose"),
        ylim=c(0,30),
        beside=TRUE)
box() #边框

ggplot2绘制

部分数据：

Source Year Anomaly10y Unc10y

Berkeley 1900 -0.171 0.108

Berkeley 1901 -0.162 0.109

Berkeley 1902 -0.177 0.108

Berkeley 1903 -0.199 0.104

Berkeley 1904 -0.223 0.105

Berkeley 1905 -0.241 0.107

Berkeley 1906 -0.294 0.106

Berkeley 1907 -0.312 0.105

绘图格式：

代码语言：javascript复制

ggplot(data,aes())  geom_bar()

代码语言：javascript复制

library(ggplot2)
csub <- read.table("barplot_using_ggplot2.txt", sep="t", header=T)
head(csub)
ggplot(csub,aes(x=Year,y=Anomaly10y)) 
  geom_bar(stat="identity",position="identity")

修改柱子颜色，正负值用不同的颜色

代码语言：javascript复制

#positive and negative values with different color
csub$positive <- csub$Anomaly10y >= 0
ggplot(csub,aes(x=Year,y=Anomaly10y,fill=positive)) 
  geom_bar(stat="identity",position="identity")

代码语言：javascript复制

#change more params
ggplot(csub, aes(Year,Anomaly10y, fill=positive)) 
  geom_bar(stat="identity", position="identity", colour="black", size=0.25)  
  scale_fill_manual(values=c("#CCEEFF", "#FFDDDD"), guide=F)

条形图

代码语言：javascript复制

library(ggplot2)
#readin data
data = read.table("histogram1.txt", sep="t", header=T)
#draw histogram 
ggplot(data, aes(waiting))  
  geom_histogram()
#set binwidth 5
ggplot(data, aes(waiting))  
  geom_histogram(binwidth=5, fill="white", color="black")
#how to set the binwidth to make the histogram have 15 groups?
binsize <- diff(range(data$waiting))/15
ggplot(data, aes(waiting))  
  geom_histogram(binwidth=binsize, fill="white", color="black")

#set the value of "origin"
ggplot(data, aes(waiting))  
  geom_histogram(binwidth=8, fill="white", color="black", origin=30)
ggplot(data, aes(waiting))  
  geom_histogram(binwidth=8, fill="white", color="black", origin=40)

代码语言：javascript复制

library(ggplot2)

#readin data
data = read.table("histogram2.txt", sep="t", header=T)

#draw histogram with 
ggplot(data, aes(bwt))  
  geom_histogram()

#draw histogram with in different subset
data$smoke = factor(data$smoke)
ggplot(data, aes(bwt, fill=smoke))  
  geom_histogram(position="identity", alpha=0.4)

r语言

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