执行truncate抛出的ORA-02266

2019-08-18 12:05:37 浏览数 (2)

开发提了个需求,要求将测试数据库的数据清空,其中涉及主子表的关系,如下所示,

最直观的做法,就是truncate表。首先truncate各个子表,但是当执行truncate主表的时候,提示错误,ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table referenced by enabled foreign keys。

子表此时没数据,为何不让删除主表的数据?

我们模拟下过程,首先创建测试表,主表a_1,子表b_1,

代码语言:javascript复制
代码语言:javascript复制
SQL> create table a_1 (id number);Table created.SQL> create table b_1 (id number, id_a_1 number);Table created.SQL> alter table a_1 add constraint pk_a_1 primary key(id);Table altered.SQL> alter table b_1 add constraint fk_b_a foreign key (id_a_1) references a_1 (id);Table altered.
Table created.

SQL> create table b_1 (id number, id_a_1 number);
Table created.

SQL> alter table a_1 add constraint pk_a_1 primary key(id);
Table altered.

SQL> alter table b_1 add constraint fk_b_a foreign key (id_a_1) references a_1 (id);
Table altered.

此时truncate子表和主表,均会成功,

代码语言:javascript复制
代码语言:javascript复制
SQL> truncate table b_01;Table truncated.SQL> truncate table a_01;Table truncated.
Table truncated.

SQL> truncate table a_01;
Table truncated.

但是,当主子表有数据,truncate子表,再做truncate主表的操作,就会提示ORA-02266的错误,

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代码语言:javascript复制
SQL> insert into a_1 values(1);1 row created.SQL> insert into b_1 values(1,1);1 row created.SQL> commit;Commit complete.SQL> truncate table b_1;Table truncated.SQL> truncate table a_1;truncate table a_1               *ERROR at line 1:ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table referenced by enabled foreign keys1);
1 row created.

SQL> insert into b_1 values(1,1);
1 row created.

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

SQL> truncate table b_1;
Table truncated.

SQL> truncate table a_1;
truncate table a_1
               *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02266: unique/primary keys in table referenced by enabled foreign keys

ORA-02262的错误含义是,“表中的唯一/主键被启用的外键引用”,

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代码语言:javascript复制
02262, 00000, "ORA-%s occurs while type-checking column default value expression"// *Cause:  New column datatype causes type-checking error for existing column//        default value expression.// *Action: Remove the default value expression or don't alter the column//        datatype.00000, "ORA-%s occurs while type-checking column default value expression"
// *Cause:  New column datatype causes type-checking error for existing column
//        default value expression.
// *Action: Remove the default value expression or don't alter the column
//        datatype.

但是子表已经没数据了,主表怎么还会提示这个错误?究其原因,这和truncate操作有关,因为truncate是DDL,但是DDL语句不会检查约束,换句话说,他不知道子表有没有数据依赖于他,索性不让做了。

但是有个疑问,当主子表无数据,此时truncate主表,是可以成功的,只有当主子表有数据的时候,truncate主表才会提示。我看了下统计信息中,表中无数量记录,Oracle是如何知道当前表有数据,禁止truncate?

我猜测,可能是延迟段的影响?

1.看下表中有数据,执行truncate产生的10046,其中truncate table a_1主表时,有个绑定变量的参数是B_1,推测由此知道a_1有外键引用,进而报错,err=2266,

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代码语言:javascript复制
...LOCK TABLE "A_1" IN EXCLUSIVE MODE  NOWAIT...truncate table a_1...Bind#1  oacdty=01 mxl=32(03) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=873 siz=0 off=24  kxsbbbfp=7f2df926afc8  bln=32  avl=03  flg=01  value="B_1"...ERROR #139835430202688:err=2266 tim=1562853681567125...LOCK TABLE "A_1" IN EXCLUSIVE MODE  NOWAIT
...
truncate table a_1
...
Bind#1
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(03) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=873 siz=0 off=24
  kxsbbbfp=7f2df926afc8  bln=32  avl=03  flg=01
  value="B_1"
...
ERROR #139835430202688:err=2266 tim=1562853681567125
...

2.看下表中无数据,执行truncate产生的10046,发现他会检索deferred_stg$视图,truncate是靠aw_trunc_proc存储过程,

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代码语言:javascript复制
...LOCK TABLE "A_1" IN EXCLUSIVE MODE  NOWAIT...select pctfree_stg, pctused_stg, size_stg,initial_stg, next_stg, minext_stg, maxext_stg, maxsiz_stg, lobret_stg,mintim_stg, pctinc_stg, initra_stg, maxtra_stg, optimal_stg, maxins_stg,frlins_stg, flags_stg, bfp_stg, enc_stg, cmpflag_stg, cmplvl_stg from deferred_stg$ where obj# =:1...truncate table a_1...BEGIN  aw_trunc_proc(ora_dict_obj_type, ora_dict_obj_name, ora_dict_obj_owner);END;...LOCK TABLE "A_1" IN EXCLUSIVE MODE  NOWAIT
...
select pctfree_stg, pctused_stg, size_stg,initial_stg, next_stg, minext_stg, maxext_stg, maxsiz_stg, lobret_stg,mintim_stg, pctinc_stg, initra_stg, maxtra_stg, optimal_stg, maxins_stg,frlins_stg, flags_stg, bfp_stg, enc_stg, cmpflag_stg, cmplvl_stg from deferred_stg$ where obj# =:1
...
truncate table a_1
...
BEGIN
  aw_trunc_proc(ora_dict_obj_type, ora_dict_obj_name, ora_dict_obj_owner);
END;
...

3.关闭session级别的延迟段特性,

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代码语言:javascript复制
SQL> alter session set deferred_segment_creation=false;Session altered. alter session set deferred_segment_creation=false;
Session altered.

表中无数据,执行truncate产生的10046,和上面两个比,操作最简单,LOCK表,执行truncate,没其他操作了,

代码语言:javascript复制
代码语言:javascript复制
...LOCK TABLE "A_1" IN EXCLUSIVE MODE  NOWAIT...truncate table a_1...LOCK TABLE "A_1" IN EXCLUSIVE MODE  NOWAIT
...
truncate table a_1
...

从现象看,不是延迟段特性,导致两者的区别,需要请大佬指教。

针对ORA-02266的错误,有几种解决方案,

方案1,禁用约束-truncate-启用约束

可以参考MOS这篇文章《OERR: ORA-2266 "unique/primary keys in table referenced by enabled foreign keys" Reference Note (Doc ID 19499.1)》。

1. 找出主表的约束

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代码语言:javascript复制
SELECT constraint_nameFROM user_constraintsWHERE table_name = '<table_you_are_trying_to_drop>'AND constraint_type = 'P';SELECT *FROM user_constraintsWHERE constraint_type = 'R'AND r_constraint_name = '<constraint_name_returned_above>';
FROM user_constraints
WHERE table_name = '<table_you_are_trying_to_drop>'
AND constraint_type = 'P';

SELECT *
FROM user_constraints
WHERE constraint_type = 'R'
AND r_constraint_name = '<constraint_name_returned_above>';

或者执行下列任意一个SQL,都可以得到主键相关的外键参考,

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代码语言:javascript复制
select a.constraint_type,a.table_name,a.status, b.table_name,b.column_name,b.constraint_name from user_constraints ainner join user_cons_columns b on a.constraint_name = b.constraint_namewhere a.r_constraint_name='主键约束名称';select c.TABLE_NAMEfrom all_constraints p, all_constraints cwhere p.table_name = '主键约束名称'and p.OWNER = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA')and c.OWNER=SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA')and c.constraint_type = 'R'and p.CONSTRAINT_NAME = c.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME;from user_constraints a
inner join user_cons_columns b on a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
where a.r_constraint_name='主键约束名称';

select c.TABLE_NAME
from all_constraints p, all_constraints c
where p.table_name = '主键约束名称'
and p.OWNER = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA')
and c.OWNER=SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA')
and c.constraint_type = 'R'
and p.CONSTRAINT_NAME = c.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME;

2. 删除约束

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代码语言:javascript复制
SQL> alter table a_1 disable primary key cascade;Table altered. alter table a_1 disable primary key cascade;
Table altered.

3. 执行truncate

4. 启用约束

只是需要注意,enable恢复主键的操作,并不会自动enable外键,需要手工enable外键,

代码语言:javascript复制
代码语言:javascript复制
SQL> alter table tbl_a enable primary key;Table altered.SQL> alter table tbl_b enable constraint fk_b_a;Table altered. alter table tbl_a enable primary key;
Table altered.

SQL> alter table tbl_b enable constraint fk_b_a;
Table altered.

方案2,delete删除

使用delete,DML操作是可以正常删除主表,只是不适合数据量很大的场景。

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