5.1.如何派生内置不可变类型并修其改实例化行为
修改实例化行为
代码语言:javascript复制# 5.1.如何派生内置不可变类型并修其改实例化行为
#继承内置tuple, 并实现__new__,在其中修改实例化行为
class IntTuple(tuple):
def __new__(cls, iterable):
#过滤掉元祖中不是int类型且小于0的元素
f_it = (e for e in iterable if isinstance(e, int) and e > 0)
return super().__new__(cls, f_it)
int_t = IntTuple([1, 8, -2, -3, 'abc', [4,5], 10])
print(int_t) #(1, 8, 10)
5.2.如何为创建大量实例节省内存
定义类的__slots__属性,声明实例有哪些属性(关闭动态绑定)
代码语言:javascript复制#5.2.如何为创建大量实例节省内存
class Player1:
def __init__(self,uid, name, level):
self.uid = uid
self.name = name
self.level = level
class Player2:
#定义类的__slots__属性,声明实例有哪些属性(关闭动态绑定)
__slots__ = ['uid', 'name', 'level']
def __init__(self,uid, name, level):
self.uid = uid
self.name = name
self.level = level
p1 = Player1(1,'derek',20)
p2 = Player2(2,'jack',50)
print(p1.name)
print(p2.name)
#可以为实例动态添加属性,但是这样会消耗内存
p1.age = 18
print(p1.__dict__['age']) #18
#用__slot__声明了实例有哪些属性后,则不能动态为实例添加属性
#p2.age = 22 #AttributeError: 'Player2' object has no attribute 'age'
5.3.如何创建可管理的对象属性
一般写法
代码语言:javascript复制#5.3.如何创建可管理的对象属性
class Student():
def __init__(self,score):
self.score = score
def get_score(self):
return self.score
def set_score(self, score):
if not isinstance(score, int):
raise TypeError("wrong type")
self.score = score
s = Student(70)
print(s.get_score())
s.set_score(80)
print(s.score)
用property装饰器
代码语言:javascript复制#5.3.如何创建可管理的对象属性
class Student():
def __init__(self,score):
self.score = score
@property
def value(self):
return self.score
@value.setter
def value(self, score):
if not isinstance(score, int):
raise TypeError("wrong type")
self.score = score
s = Student(70)
print(s.value)
s.value = 80
print(s.value)