在开始之前呢,我们回顾下之前学过的知识点:
最开始通过Kubeadm静默黑盒(自动)来安装,为什么这么说呢因为我们是通过Kubeadm自动安装的,并不知道做了那些具体的操作。这也是为什么写这篇手动部署的原因,是为了让大家更好的了解下和体验下两者区别以及部署流程
接着我们学习了如何通过Dashboard访问以及一些重要的知识技能点的应用比如:Label标签、DaemonSet调度神器、应用状态检测。
还有一些更为接近实际应用的操作比如:最简易的外网访问(适用于新手快速体验)、高级的外网访问nginx-ingress、traefik-ingress(实际场景应用)以及我们的业务弹性伸缩和滚动升级。
最后学习了存储资源管理和外挂配置管理ConfigMap,这些都在实际应用场景中非常实用。那OK,我们今天来学习下手动搭建Kubernetes,原因刚才也说了,为了让大家更好的了解下K8S,可能会有人问,学着学着怎么倒回来了,在这里向大家道个歉,因为之前没有很好的梳理,以至于遗忘了手动部署,闲话不多说,我们下面来看看怎么部署。
环境描述:
采用CentOS7.4 minimual,docker 17.03-ce, etcd 3.1, k8s 1.11
我们这里选用三个节点搭建一个实验环境。
10.0.100.202 k8s-master
10.0.100.203 k8s-node1
10.0.100.204 k8s-node2
准备环境:(下面6条在所有节点操作)
1.配置好各节点hosts文件
2.关闭各节点系统防火墙
3.关闭各节点SElinux
4.关闭各节点swap (注释/etc/fstab文件里swap相关的行)
5.配置各节点系统内核参数使流过网桥的流量也进入iptables/netfilter框架中,在/etc/sysctl.conf中添加以下配置:
代码语言:javascript复制cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
vm.swappiness=0
EOF
sysctl --system
6.配置所需的YUM源
代码语言:javascript复制yum -y install epel-release
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache fast
yum –y install --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos
systemctl enable docker && systemctl restart docker
OK到这里准备环境就做好了,下面我们来创建部署集群时所需的TLS证书以及密钥
kubernetes 系统的各组件需要使用 TLS 证书对通信进行加密,本文使用 CloudFlare 的 PKI 工具集 cfssl 来生成 Certificate Authority (CA) 和其它证书;
注意:以下操作都在 master 节点即10.0.100.202这台主机上执行,证书只需要创建一次即可,以后在向集群中添加新节点时只要将 /etc/kubernetes/ 目录下的证书拷贝到新节点上即可。
Master节点
1.安装CFSSL
代码语言:javascript复制wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
chmod x cfssl_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
chmod x cfssljson_linux-amd64
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod x cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
2.配置CA
代码语言:javascript复制mkdir /root/ssl
cd /root/ssl
cfssl print-defaults config > config.json
cfssl print-defaults csr > csr.json
# 根据config.json文件的格式创建如下的ca-config.json文件
# 过期时间设置成了 87600h
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
3.创建CA证书签名请求,即创建ca-csr.json 文件,内容如下:
代码语言:javascript复制{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
],
"ca": {
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
- 生成 CA 证书和私钥
$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
$ ls ca*
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
5.创建Kubernetes证书签名请求文件 kubernetes-csr.json,注意记得替换相应ip
代码语言:javascript复制{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"10.0.100.202",
"10.0.100.203",
"10.0.100.204",
"10.254.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
- 生成 kubernetes 证书和私钥
$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
$ ls kubernetes*
kubernetes.csr kubernetes-csr.json kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
7.创建admin证书签名请求文件 admin-csr.json
代码语言:javascript复制{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
- 生成 admin 证书和私钥
$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
$ ls admin*
admin.csr admin-csr.json admin-key.pem admin.pem
- 创建 kube-proxy 证书签名请求文件 kube-proxy-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
- 生成 kube-proxy 客户端证书和私钥
$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
$ ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy-csr.json kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
11.分发证书,将生成的证书和秘钥文件(后缀名为.pem)拷贝到所有机器的 /etc/kubernetes/ssl 目录下备用;
代码语言:javascript复制mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
cp *.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
cd /etc/kubernetes
scp ./ssl/* 10.0.100.203:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp ./ssl/* 10.0.100.204:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
12.安装Kubectl命令行工具
代码语言:javascript复制wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.11.0/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp kubernetes/client/bin/kube* /usr/bin/
chmod a x /usr/bin/kube*
13.创建 kubectl kubeconfig 文件
代码语言:javascript复制export KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.100.202:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials admin
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin.pem
--embed-certs=true
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin-key.pem
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=admin
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context kubernetes
- 创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
- 创建 kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 文件
cd /etc/kubernetes
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.100.202:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
- 创建 kube-proxy kubeconfig 文件
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.0.100.202:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=kube-proxy
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
17.分发 kubeconfig 文件,将两个 kubeconfig 文件分发到所有 Node 机器的 /etc/kubernetes/ 目录
代码语言:javascript复制cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
scp ./bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 10.0.100.203:/etc/kubernetes/
scp ./bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 10.0.100.204:/etc/kubernetes/
OK,到这里创建证书以及密钥就高一段落了,相信有很多人都有所迷惑,因为刚才创建了好多密钥和证书,下面我来总结下:
生成的 CA 证书和秘钥文件如下:
代码语言:javascript复制ca-key.pem
ca.pem
kubernetes-key.pem
kubernetes.pem
kube-proxy.pem
kube-proxy-key.pem
admin.pem
admin-key.pem
使用证书的组件如下:
代码语言:javascript复制etcd:使用 ca.pem、kubernetes-key.pem、kubernetes.pem;
kube-apiserver:使用 ca.pem、kubernetes-key.pem、kubernetes.pem;
kubelet:使用 ca.pem;
kube-proxy:使用 ca.pem、kube-proxy-key.pem、kube-proxy.pem;
kubectl:使用 ca.pem、admin-key.pem、admin.pem;
kube-controller-manager:使用 ca-key.pem、ca.pem
相信看完上面的总结就一目了然了,OK下面我们来进行etcd集群的安装。
所有节点部署etcd
Kuberntes 使用 etcd 来存储所有数据,下面我们来创建三节点etcd集群,也就是master、node1、node2前面我们已经创建了很多TLS证书,咱们这里就复用下kubernetes的证书,以下操作在所有节点执行。
1.下载etcd源码文件
代码语言:javascript复制wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.1.5/etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin
2.创建 etcd 的 systemd unit 文件,在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录下创建文件etcd.service,内容如下。注意替换IP地址为你自己的etcd集群的主机IP。
代码语言:javascript复制[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd
--name ${ETCD_NAME}
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--initial-advertise-peer-urls ${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS}
--listen-peer-urls ${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS}
--listen-client-urls ${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379
--advertise-client-urls ${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS}
--initial-cluster-token ${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN}
--initial-cluster k8s-master=https://10.0.100.202:2380,k8s-node1=https://10.0.100.203:2380,k8s-node2=https://10.0.100.204:2380
--initial-cluster-state new
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR}
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
注意:etcd 的数据目录为 /var/lib/etcd,需在启动服务前创建这个目录,否则启动服务的时候会报错“Failed at step CHDIR spawning /usr/bin/etcd: No such file or directory”;
- 环境变量配置文件/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[member]
ETCD_NAME=k8s-master
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.100.202:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.0.100.202:2379"
#[cluster]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.0.100.202:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS=https://10.0.100.202:2379
注意:这是10.0.100.202节点的配置,其他两个etcd节点只要将上面的IP地址改成相应节点的IP地址即可。ETCD_NAME换成对应节点的k8s-node1、k8s-node2。
4. 启动etcd服务
代码语言:javascript复制systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd
systemctl status etcd
# 在所有的 kubernetes节点重复上面的步骤,直到所有机器的 etcd 服务都已启动。
- 验证服务
etcdctl --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem cluster-health
2018-08-14 02:16:44.081321 I | warning: ignoring ServerName for user-provided CA for backwards compatibility is deprecated
2018-08-14 02:16:44.084285 I | warning: ignoring ServerName for user-provided CA for backwards compatibility is deprecated
member 109271147228d387 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.0.100.203:2379
member 298a4447067ff8b8 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.0.100.204:2379
member 5bc4c443d246701d is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.0.100.202:2379
cluster is healthy
结果最后一行为 cluster is healthy 时表示集群服务正常。
Master节点
接着刚才的Master节点的操作来,刚才穿插了下etcd的部署,下面来部署Master所需的服务:kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager
1.下载Kubernetes V1.11的源码包
代码语言:javascript复制wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.11.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes
tar -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz
cp -r server/bin/{kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubectl,kube-proxy,kubelet} /usr/local/bin/
2.创建 kube-apiserver的service配置文件,/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service内容:
代码语言:javascript复制[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Service
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
After=etcd.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL
$KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS
$KUBE_API_ADDRESS
$KUBE_API_PORT
$KUBELET_PORT
$KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV
$KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES
$KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL
$KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
/etc/kubernetes/config文件的内容为:
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=true"
KUBE_MASTER="--master=
#该配置文件同时被kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy使用。
- apiserver配置文件/etc/kubernetes/apiserver内容为:
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--advertise-address=10.0.100.202 --bind-address=10.0.100.202 --insecure-bind-address=10.0.100.202"
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=https://10.0.100.202:2379,https://10.0.100.203:2379,https://10.0.100.204:2379"
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=ServiceAccount,NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,ResourceQuota"
KUBE_API_ARGS="--authorization-mode=RBAC --runtime-config=rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 --kubelet-https=true --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem --enable-swagger-ui=true --apiserver-count=3 --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=3 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/audit.log --event-ttl=1h"
4. 启动kube-apiserver
代码语言:javascript复制systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
- 创建 kube-controller-manager的serivce配置文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL
$KUBE_MASTER
$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
- 配置文件/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --leader-elect=true"
- 启动 kube-controller-manager
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
- 创建 kube-scheduler的serivce配置文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Plugin
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL
$KUBE_MASTER
$KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
- 配置文件/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1"
- 启动 kube-scheduler
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
11.验证Master节点功能
代码语言:javascript复制[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health": "true"}
所有节点部署Flannel
下面我们来安装Flannel网络插件,所有的node节点都需要安装网络插件才能让所有的Pod加入到同一个局域网中,所以下面的操作在所有节点都需要执行一遍。建议直接使用yum安装flanneld,除非对版本有特殊需求,默认安装的是0.7.1版本的flannel。
1.安装flannel
代码语言:javascript复制yum install -y flannel
2.修改service文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
代码语言:javascript复制[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/flanneld
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
ExecStart=/usr/bin/flanneld-start
-etcd-endpoints=${FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS}
-etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}
$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/flannel/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
WantedBy=docker.service
3.修改/etc/sysconfig/flanneld配置文件:
代码语言:javascript复制# Flanneld configuration options
# etcd url location. Point this to the server where etcd runs
FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://10.0.100.202:2379,https://10.0.100.203:2379,https://10.0.100.204:2379"
# etcd config key. This is the configuration key that flannel queries
# For address range assignment
FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kube-centos/network"
# Any additional options that you want to pass
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="-etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem -etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem"
如果是多网卡(例如vagrant环境),则需要在FLANNEL_OPTIONS中增加指定的外网出口的网卡,例如iface=eth2
- 在etcd中创建网络配置(这里只在master节点操作一次就行)
etcdctl --endpoints=https://10.0.100.202:2379,https://10.0.100.203:2379,https://10.0.100.204:2379
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem
mkdir /kube-centos/network
etcdctl --endpoints=https://10.0.100.202:2379,https://10.0.100.203:2379,https://10.0.100.204:2379
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem
mk /kube-centos/network/config '{"Network":"10.30.0.0/16","SubnetLen":24,"Backend":{"Type”:”host-gw“}}’
如果你要使用vxlan模式,可以直接将host-gw改成vxlan即可。
- 启动flannel
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl status flannel
部署node节点
OK,到此为止我们已经完成了Master节点服务、etcd集群、flannel集群都已经搭建完成,下面我们来看看node节点的服务搭建。首先需要确认下node节点的flannel、docker、etcd是否启动,其次检查下/etc/kubernetes/下的证书和配置文件是否在,具体操作这里就不再赘述了。
1.修改docker配置使其可以使用flannel网络
使用systemctl命令启动flanneld后,会自动执行./mk-docker-opts.sh -i在/run/flannel/目录下生成如下两个文件环境变量文件:
代码语言:javascript复制ls /run/flannel/
docker subnet.env
Docker将会读取这两个环境变量文件作为容器启动参数,修改docker的配置文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service,增加一条环境变量配置:
代码语言:javascript复制EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
为了避免一会重启kubelet的时候会出现error: failed to run Kubelet: failed to create kubelet: misconfiguration: kubelet cgroup driver: "cgroupfs" is different from docker cgroup driver: "systemd"报错,我们现在就增加一条配置:ExecStart中的--exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd,那么为什么会出现这个问题呢,这是因为kubelet与docker的cgroup driver不一致导致的,kubelet启动的时候有个—cgroup-driver参数可以指定为"cgroupfs"或者“systemd”。
2.在安装之前先去master节点生成kubelet所需的权限角色:
代码语言:javascript复制kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-nodes --clusterrole=system:node --group=system:nodes
注意:两个角色缺一不可,否则就会出现这样的报错cannot list pods at the cluster scope
3.下面我们来安装配置kubelet
代码语言:javascript复制wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.11.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes
tar -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz
cp -r ./server/bin/{kube-proxy,kubelet} /usr/local/bin/
- 创建kubelet的service配置文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL
$KUBELET_API_SERVER
$KUBELET_ADDRESS
$KUBELET_PORT
$KUBELET_HOSTNAME
$KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV
$KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER
$KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
5.创建kubelet的配置文件/etc/kubernetes/kubelet。其中的IP地址更改为你的每台node节点的IP地址
代码语言:javascript复制KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=10.0.100.203"
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=10.0.100.203"
KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER="--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1"
KUBELET_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd --cluster-dns=10.254.0.2 --experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl --cluster-domain=cluster.local --hairpin-mode promiscuous-bridge --serialize-image-pulls=false"
- 启动kublet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
- 去Master节点通过kublet的TLS证书请求
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-qgKV6Z_YCV5Zwt0erq2sdtEK8V1z_7Opa5C2JtSW54I 3s kubelet-bootstrap Pending
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-qgKV6Z_YCV5Zwt0erq2sdtEK8V1z_7Opa5C2JtSW54I
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get no
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
10.0.100.203 Ready <none> 10s v1.11.0
8.安装conntrack
代码语言:javascript复制yum install -y conntrack-tools
- 创建 kube-proxy 的service配置文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL
$KUBE_MASTER
$KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
- kube-proxy配置文件/etc/kubernetes/proxy
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS="--bind-address=10.0.100.203 --hostname-override=10.0.100.203 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig --cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16"
11.启动proxy
代码语言:javascript复制systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
到此我们K8S集群就手动搭建完毕了,最后我们来启动个demo来测试下
代码语言:javascript复制$ kubectl run nginx --replicas=2 --labels="run=load-balancer-example" --image=nginx --port=80
deployment "nginx" created
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --name=example-service
service "example-service" exposed
$ kubectl describe svc example-service
Name: example-service
Namespace: default
Labels: run=load-balancer-example
Annotations: <none>
Selector: run=load-balancer-example
Type: NodePort
IP: 10.254.102.2
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
NodePort: <unset> 30460/TCP
Endpoints: 172.17.0.2:80
Session Affinity: None
External Traffic Policy: Cluster
Events: <none>
可以看到我们采用都是最原始的nodeport方式来访问的,端口30460,访问集群节点任意一个ip都可以看到页面
OK,到这里我们的手动搭建就告一段落了,后续有时间也会写一些实战的东西出来,请期待。
本文参考了jimsong的博客:
https://jimmysong.io/kubernetes-handbook/practice/
我的博客即将同步至腾讯云 社区,邀请大家一同入驻:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/support-plan?invite_code=tcwqxy4yt70z