来源：ImportNew
ID：importnew
1. 规划
1.1服务器环境规划
负载服务器master及WEB服务器1真实IP：10.10.195.53
负载服务器backup及WEB服务器2真实IP：10.10.195.190
负载服务器虚拟ip：10.10.195.212
1.2 软件环境规划
操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6 (Tikanga)
keepalived：keepalived-1.2.19
Java：jdk-1.7.0_79
Tomcat：apache-tomcat-7.0.64
2. 负载服务器配置
这里只叙述如何安装配置keepalived，至于java以及tomcat的安装及配置，这里不赘述。
2.1 安装keepalived
[~]tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz [~] cd keepalived-1.2.19 [keepalived-1.2.19] ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --disable-fwmark #(如果直接输入./configure有可能报错：configure:error: No SO_MARK declaration in headers) [keepalived-1.2.19] make [keepalived-1.2.19] make install
2.2 配置keepalived服务
[keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ [keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ [keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ [keepalived-1.2.19] mkdir /etc/keepalived [keepalived-1.2.19] cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf/etc/keepalived/ [keepalived-1.2.19] chkconfig --add keepalived [keepalived-1.2.19] chkconfig keepalived on
重启启动关闭查看状态keepalived
service keepalived restart
service keepalived start
service keepalived stop
service keepalived status
2.3 配置keepalived.conf文件
[~]mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak [~]vi /etc/keepalived//keepalived.conf
主备机的keepalived.conf文件大致相同，只是注意红色标注的地方。
主机配置：
global_defs { router_id NodeA } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/opt/tomcat.pid" interval 5 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 52 priority 150 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_http_port } virtual_ipaddress { 10.10.195.212 } }
备机配置：
global_defs { router_id NodeB } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/opt/tomcat.pid" interval 5 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 52 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_http_port } virtual_ipaddress { 10.10.195.212 } }
2.4配置/opt/tomcat.pid
#!/bin/bash #description: check tomcat service anddecide whether stop the keepalived or not #edited by zzh: 2015-10-14 CATALINA_HOME=/users/shr/apache-tomcat-7.0.64 JAVA_HOME=/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk export CATALINA_HOME export JAVA_HOME ps ax --width=1000 | grep"org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start" | grep -v"grep" | awk '{printf $1 " "}' | wc | awk '{print $2}' >tomcat_process_count.txt read line < tomcat_process_count.txt start_tomcat=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh if [ ${line} -lt 1 ] then echo -n "===Starting tomcat===:" ${start_tomcat} # :sudo service tomcat start echo "===tomcat start ok.===" sleep 3 # check the tomcat status. ps ax --width=1000 | grep "org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrapstart" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{printf $1 " "}' | wc |awk '{print $2}' > tomcat_process_count.txt read line2 < tomcat_process_count.txt if [ ${line2} -lt 1 ] then sudo service keepalived stop fi fi rm tomcat_process_count.txt #shell end.
3. 日志查看
3.1 正常启动
输入tail -f /var/log/messages查看启动keepalived日志：
（MASTER：10.10.195.53）
Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived[5536]:Starting Keepalived v1.2.19 (09/21,2015) Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53added Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53added Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Opening file'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Sep 29 15:49:16 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Configuration is using : 6572 Bytes Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived[5537]:Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=5538 Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_healthcheckers[5538]:Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53 added Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.53 added Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived[5537]:Starting VRRP child process, pid=5539 Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Registering Kernel netlink reflector Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Registering Kernel netlink command channel Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Configuration is using : 36541 Bytes Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Sep 29 15:49:16 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)] Sep 29 15:49:17 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Sep 29 15:49:17 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received lower prio advert, forcing new election Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.10.195.212 Sep 29 15:49:18 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 added Sep 29 15:49:18 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[5538]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212added Sep 29 15:49:23 shr Keepalived_vrrp[5539]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.10.195.212 (BACKUP:10.10.195.190)
Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived[18218]:Starting Keepalived v1.2.19 (09/25,2015) Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190added Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190added Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]:Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Configuration is using : 6682 Bytes Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived[18219]:Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=18220 Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived[18219]:Starting VRRP child process, pid=18221 Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190 added Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.190 added Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[18220]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'. Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[18221]:Configuration is using : 36651 Bytes Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector... Sep 29 15:46:25 server1Keepalived_vrrp[18221]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Sep 29 15:46:25 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[18221]:VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
3.2 主备切换
l 当在主机（MASTER：10.10.195.53）中输入 sudoservice keepalived stop，此时就会进行主备切换，主机切换成备机。
主机（MASTER：10.10.195.53）输出如下
Oct 14 13:25:09 shr Keepalived_vrrp[26683]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority Oct 14 13:25:09 shr Keepalived_vrrp[26683]:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs. Oct 14 13:25:09 shrKeepalived_healthcheckers[26682]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212removed Oct 14 13:25:09 shr Keepalived[26681]:Stopping Keepalived v1.2.19 (09/21,2015)
备机(BACKUP:10.10.195.190)输出如下
Oct 14 13:19:58 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for10.10.195.212 Oct 14 13:19:59 server1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[30889]:Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 added Oct 14 13:19:59 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 added Oct 14 13:20:04 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for10.10.195.212
l 当在主机（MASTER：10.10.195.53）中输入sudoservice keepalived start,此时就会切换成主机。备机(BACKUP:10.10.195.190)输出如下信息：
Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs. Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_healthcheckers[30889]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212removed Oct 14 13:25:11 server1Keepalived_vrrp[30890]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.195.212 removed
4. 查看虚拟ip
可以通过ip add show命令查看添加的虚拟ip：
[shr@shr bin]$ip add show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:6b:f2:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.10.195.53/24 brd 10.10.195.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.10.195.212/32scope global eth0
5. 常见错误
5. 1常见错误一：
/var/log/messages has thousands of errorslike this: Jun 28 09:18:32 rust Keepalived_vrrp:receive an invalid ip number count associated with VRID! Jun 28 09:18:32 rust Keepalived_vrrp: bogusVRRP packet received on eth0 !!! Jun 28 09:18:32 rust Keepalived_vrrp:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Dropping received VRRP packet... The backup director starts up, but doesn'tlisten on the virtual addresses at all. Its /var/log/messages has thousands of errors like this: Jun 28 06:25:05 stye Keepalived_vrrp:receive an invalid ip number count associated with VRID! Jun 28 06:25:05 stye Keepalived_vrrp: bogusVRRP packet received on eth0 !!! Jun 28 06:25:05 stye Keepalived_vrrp:VRRP_Instance(VI_1) ignoring received advertisment...
解决方法：
改变配置文件/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf中virtual_router_id为另一个值即可。
（changed the vrid to another number and it worked fine）.
5.2 常见错误二：
主机执行到VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE之后没有执行VRRP_Instance(VI_1)setting protocol VIPs。
解决方法：
可能是配置文件keepalived.conf中{左边没有空格。
附
linux添加tomcat服务
在/etc/init.d中输入 sudo vim tomcat
脚本具体内容如下：
#!/bin/bash #chkconfig: 2345 10 90 #description: Starts and Stops the tomcatdaemon #edited by ZZH: 2015-10-14 CATALINA_HOME=/users/shr/apache-tomcat-7.0.64 JAVA_HOME=/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk export CATALINA_HOME export JAVA_HOME start_tomcat=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh stop_tomcat=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh if [ ! -f $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh ] then echo"===Tomcat is not available.===" exit fi start() { echo-n "===Starting tomcat===:" ${start_tomcat} echo"===tomcat start ok.===" } stop() { echo-n "===Shutting down tomcat===:" ${stop_tomcat} echo"===tomcat stop ok.===" } status() { ps ax --width=1000 | grep"org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start" | grep -v"grep" | awk '{printf $1 " "}' | wc | awk '{print $2}'> tomcat_process_count.txt readline < tomcat_process_count.txt rmtomcat_process_count.txt if[ $line -gt 0 ] then echo-n "tomcat ( pid = " ps ax --width=1000 | grep"org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start" | grep -v"grep" | awk '{printf $1 " "}' | awk '{print $1}'> tomcat_process_pid.txt readpid < tomcat_process_pid.txt rmtomcat_process_pid.txt echo-n $pid echo-n ") is running..." echo else echo"tomcat is stopped" fi } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop sleep1 start ;; status) status ;; *) echo"Usage:$0 {start|stop|restart}" exit1 esac exit 0 # shell end.
在终端输入:
sudo chmod 755 tomcat sudo chkconfig --add tomcat
tomcat 启动 service tomcatstart
tomcat 关闭 service tomcatstop
tomcat 重启 service tomcatrestart
tomcat状态查看 service tomcatstatus
