环境：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@kickstart ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@kickstart ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
[root@kickstart ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@kickstart ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@kickstart ~]# hostname -I
10.0.0.201 172.16.1.201前言
cobbler安装比较简单，主要是网页操作，点点点，相对于PXE kickstart网络安装更简单。
如果大家不了解PXE kickstart网络安装系统过程原理的话，建议大家去看看我写的 <PXE kickstart网络安装CentOS7.4系统及过程中各种报错> <-- 快戳我
cobbler安装
1、下载cobbler及相关软件
代码语言：javascript复制[root@Cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd2、检查更改配置
注意：CentOS7上需要启动httpd服务和cobbler服务才能检查
代码语言：javascript复制[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd.service httpd.service
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.根据这些检查条目，进行更改相关的检查项
代码语言：javascript复制sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#1"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'`"#" /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
systemctl start rsyncd
systemctl enable rsyncd
systemctl enable tftp.socket
systemctl start tftp.socket
systemctl restart cobblerd.service修改dhcp模板配置文件
代码语言：javascript复制sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template同步所有配置
注意：不同步会报错
代码语言：javascript复制[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2017-11-15_101915_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Nov 15 10:19:15 2017)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***cobbler使用操作
博主使用虚拟机操作
代码语言：javascript复制https://10.0.0.202/cobbler_web 浏览器访问网址
账号密码默认均为cobbler
导入镜像（import DVD）
说明：首先虚拟机保证下列以操作
根据镜像位置，进行挂载
image.png因为镜像位置写的mnt，所以要将镜像挂载到mnt下
[root@Cobbler pxelinux.cfg]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
[root@Cobbler pxelinux.cfg]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 98G 5.8G 93G 6% /
devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.7M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 135M 880M 14% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt
查看进程，看是否在导入
[root@Cobbler ~]# ps -ef|grep rsync
root 15923 1 0 09:49 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach
root 17237 15973 15 10:53 ? 00:00:03 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 17238 17237 0 10:53 ? 00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 17239 17238 11 10:53 ? 00:00:02 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progressks文件组成
命令段
install开头，到%pre
包组段
以%packages开头，以%end结束
脚本段
以%post开头，以%end结束，在安装完系统之后执行的相关Linux命令、脚本
以%pre开头，以%end结束，在安装完系统之前执行的相关Linux命令、脚本
kickstart文件语法检查
下载语法检查软件
代码语言：javascript复制yum install pykickstart -y检查命令
代码语言：javascript复制[root@CentOS7 tftpboot]# ksvalidator /var/www/html/ks_config/CentOS-7-ks.cfg
说明：请记住这个验证工具有其局限性。Kickstart 文件可能会很复杂；ksvalidator 可保证其语法正确，且该文件不包含淘汰的选项，
但它无法保证安装会成功。它也不会尝试验证 Kickstart 文件的 %pre、%post 和 %packages 部分。root加密密码生成
密码：123456
代码语言：javascript复制[root@CentOS7 ~]# python -c 'import crypt; print(crypt.crypt("123456"))'
$6$02PfimLMqN53z6Io$ov2Xbjm7ZC36X2tFvqnI0HymvqMY0vI/UOCxze0L/zMX722PkDJOz/JTWwVHaksawGf/bfR0k3GCpubodKTdV0CentOS7的ks文件添加
CentOS7 ks文件内容
代码语言：javascript复制# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by yao zhang
install
url --url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
#Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS7
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024
part swap --size 1024
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@^minimal
@compat-libraries
@core
@debugging
@development
bash-completion
chrony
dos2unix
kexec-tools
lrzsz
nmap
sysstat
telnet
tree
vim
wget
%end
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end关于ks文件内容的详解在我写的 <PXE kickstart网络安装CentOS7.4系统及过程中各种报错> 里有解释
修改镜像变量属性
自定义安装系统
