scrapy爬取伯乐在线文章

创建爬虫工程

代码语言：javascript复制

(p3scrapy) [vagrant@reboot vagrant]$ scrapy startproject ArticleSpider
You can start your first spider with:
    cd ArticleSpider
    scrapy genspider example example.com
(p3scrapy) [vagrant@reboot ArticleSpider]$ scrapy genspider jobbole blog.jobbole.com

完整项目结构

代码语言：javascript复制

(p3scrapy) [vagrant@reboot ArticleSpider]$ tree .
.
├── ArticleSpider
│   ├── images
│   │   └── full
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── items.py
│   ├── middlewares.py
│   ├── pipelines.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── spiders
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── jobbole.py
├── main.py
└── scrapy.cfg

表结构

代码语言：javascript复制

CREATE TABLE `article` (
  `title` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  `create_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `url` varchar(300) NOT NULL,
  `url_object_id` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `front_image_url` varchar(300) DEFAULT NULL,
  `front_image_path` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `praise_nums` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `fav_nums` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `comment_nums` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `tags` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` longtext NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`url_object_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

jobbole.py

代码语言：javascript复制

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy, re
from scrapy.http import Request
from urllib import parse
from ArticleSpider.items import JobBoleArticleItem
from ArticleSpider.utils.common import get_md5
from datetime import datetime
from scrapy.loader import ItemLoader

from ArticleSpider.items import JobBoleArticleItem, ArticleItemLoader
class JobboleSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'jobbole'
    allowed_domains = ['blog.jobbole.com']
    start_urls = ['http://blog.jobbole.com/all-posts/']

    def parse(self, response):
        """
        1. 获取文章列表页中的文章url并交给scrapy下载后并进行解析
        2. 获取下一页的url并交给scrapy进行下载， 下载完成后交给parse
        :param response:
        :return:
        """
        post_nodes = response.css("#archive .floated-thumb .post-thumb a")
        for post_node in post_nodes:
            image_url = post_node.css("img::attr(src)").extract_first("")
            post_url = post_node.css("::attr(href)").extract_first("")
            yield Request(url=parse.urljoin(response.url, post_url), meta={"front_image_url":image_url}, callback=self.parse_detail)
        # 提取下一页并进行下载
        next_urls= response.css(".next.page-numbers::attr(href)").extract_first("")
        if next_urls:
            yield Request(url=parse.urljoin(response.url, next_urls), callback=self.parse)

    def parse_detail(self, response):
        # article_item = JobBoleArticleItem()
        # # 提取文章的具体字段
        # # re_selector = response.xpath("/html/body/div[3]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/h1")
        # # re2_selector = response.xpath('//*[@id="post-110287"]/div[1]/h1')
        # front_image_url = response.meta.get("front_image_url", "") # 文章封面图
        # title = response.xpath('//*[@class="entry-header"]/h1/text()').extract_first("")
        # create_date = response.xpath('//p[@class="entry-meta-hide-on-mobile"]/text()').extract_first("").strip().replace('·','').strip()
        # praise_nums = int(response.xpath('//span[contains(@class,"vote-post-up")]/h10/text()').extract_first(""))
        # fav_nums = response.xpath('//span[contains(@class,"bookmark-btn")]/text()').extract()[0]
        # match_re = re.match(".*?(d ).*", fav_nums)
        # if match_re:
        #     fav_nums = int(match_re.group(1))
        # else:
        #     fav_nums = 0
        # comment_nums = response.css('a[href="#article-comment"] span::text').extract_first("")
        # comment_re = re.match(".*?(d ).*", comment_nums)
        # comment_nums = int(comment_re.group(1)) if comment_re else 0
        # # if comment_re:
        # #     comm_nums = int(comment_re.group(1))
        # # else:
        # #     comm_nums = 0
        # content = response.xpath('//div[@class="entry"]').extract()[0]
        #
        # tag_list = response.xpath('//p[@class="entry-meta-hide-on-mobile"]/a/text()').extract()
        # tag_list = [ element for element in tag_list if not element.strip().endswith("评论")]
        # tags = ",".join(tag_list)
        # article_item['url_object_id'] = get_md5(response.url)
        # article_item['title'] = title
        # article_item['url'] = response.url
        # try:
        #     create_date = datetime.strptime(create_date, "%Y/%m/%d").date()
        # except Exception as e:
        #     print(e.args)
        #     create_date = datetime.now().date()
        # article_item['create_date'] = create_date
        # article_item['front_image_url'] = [front_image_url]
        # article_item['praise_nums'] = praise_nums
        # article_item['comment_nums'] = comment_nums
        # article_item['fav_nums'] = fav_nums
        # article_item['tags'] = tags
        # article_item['content'] = content

        # 通过item loader加载item
        front_image_url = response.meta.get("front_image_url", "")  # 文章封面图
        item_loader = ArticleItemLoader(item=JobBoleArticleItem(), response=response)
        item_loader.add_css("title", ".entry-header h1::text")
        item_loader.add_value("url", response.url)
        item_loader.add_value("url_object_id", get_md5(response.url))
        item_loader.add_css("create_date", "p.entry-meta-hide-on-mobile::text")
        item_loader.add_value("front_image_url", [front_image_url])
        item_loader.add_css("praise_nums", ".vote-post-up h10::text")
        item_loader.add_css("comment_nums", "a[href='#article-comment'] span::text")
        item_loader.add_css("fav_nums", ".bookmark-btn::text")
        item_loader.add_css("tags", "p.entry-meta-hide-on-mobile a::text")
        item_loader.add_css("content", "div.entry")

        article_item = item_loader.load_item()
        yield article_item

items.py

代码语言：javascript复制

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
from scrapy.loader import ItemLoader
from scrapy.loader.processors import MapCompose, TakeFirst, Join
import datetime
import re
import scrapy


class ArticlespiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass

class ArticleItemLoader(ItemLoader):
    #自定义itemloader
    default_output_processor = TakeFirst()

def date_convert(value):
    try:
        create_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(value, "%Y/%m/%d").date()
    except Exception as e:
        create_date = datetime.datetime.now().date()

    return create_date


def get_nums(value):
    match_re = re.match(".*?(d ).*", value)
    if match_re:
        nums = int(match_re.group(1))
    else:
        nums = 0

    return nums
def remove_comment_tags(value):
    #去掉tag中提取的评论
    if "评论" in value:
        return ""
    else:
        return value

def return_value(value):
    return value

class JobBoleArticleItem(scrapy.Item):
    # title = scrapy.Field()
    # create_date = scrapy.Field()
    # url = scrapy.Field()
    # front_image_url = scrapy.Field()
    # front_image_path = scrapy.Field()
    # praise_nums = scrapy.Field()
    # fav_nums = scrapy.Field()
    # comment_nums = scrapy.Field()
    # tags = scrapy.Field()
    # content = scrapy.Field()
    # url_object_id = scrapy.Field()

    title = scrapy.Field()
    create_date = scrapy.Field(
        # input_processor=MapCompose(date_convert),
    )
    url = scrapy.Field()
    url_object_id = scrapy.Field()
    front_image_url = scrapy.Field(
        output_processor=MapCompose(return_value)
    )
    front_image_path = scrapy.Field()
    praise_nums = scrapy.Field(
        input_processor=MapCompose(get_nums)
    )
    comment_nums = scrapy.Field(
        input_processor=MapCompose(get_nums)
    )
    fav_nums = scrapy.Field(
        input_processor=MapCompose(get_nums)
    )
    tags = scrapy.Field(
        input_processor=MapCompose(remove_comment_tags),
        output_processor=Join(",")
    )
    content = scrapy.Field()
    def get_insert_sql(self):
        # insert_sql = """
        #     insert into article(title, url, create_date, fav_nums)
        #     VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE content=VALUES(fav_nums)
        # """
        # params = (self["title"], self["url"], self["create_date"], self["fav_nums"])
        insert_sql = """
            insert into article(title, url, create_date, fav_nums, url_object_id, praise_nums,comment_nums,tags, content, front_image_url, front_image_path)
            VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s,%s, %s, %s, %s,%s, %s, %s)
        """
        params = (self['title'], self['url'],self['create_date'],self['fav_nums'], self['url_object_id'], self['praise_nums'], self['comment_nums'], self['tags'], self['content'], self['front_image_url'], self['front_image_path'])

        return insert_sql, params

pipelines.py

代码语言：javascript复制

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
import codecs, json
from scrapy.exporters import JsonItemExporter

import MySQLdb
import MySQLdb.cursors
from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
class ArticlespiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item

class JsonWithEncodingPipeline(object):
    # 自定义json文件的导出
    """写入json文件"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = codecs.open('article.json', 'w', encoding="utf-8")

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        lines = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False)   'n'
        self.file.write(lines)
        return item

    def spider_closed(self,spider):
        self.file.close()

class MysqlPipeline(object):
    # 采用同步的方式写入mysql数据库
    def __init__(self):
        self.conn = MySQLdb.connect('127.0.0.1', 'root', '123456', 'articlespider', charset="utf8", use_unicode=True)
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        insert_sql = """
            insert into article(title, url, create_date, fav_nums, url_object_id, front_image_path, praise_nums,comment_nums,tags,content,front_image_url)
            VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s,%s, %s, %s, %s,%s, %s, %s)
        """
        self.cursor.execute(insert_sql, (item['title'], item['url'],item['create_date'],item['fav_nums'], item['url_object_id'], item['front_image_path'],item['praise_nums'],item['comment_nums'],item['tags'],item['content'],item['front_image_url']))
        self.conn.commit()

class MysqlTwistedPipeline(object):
    # 采用异步的方式写入mysql数据库
    def __init__(self, dbpool):
        self.dbpool = dbpool

    @classmethod
    def from_settings(cls, settings):
        dbparms = dict(
            host=settings["MYSQL_HOST"],
            user=settings["MYSQL_USER"],
            password=settings["MYSQL_PASSWORD"],
            db=settings["MYSQL_DBNAME"],
            charset='utf8',
            cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor,
            use_unicode=True
        )

        dbpool = adbapi.ConnectionPool("MySQLdb", **dbparms)
        return cls(dbpool)

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # 使用twisted将mysql插入变成异步执行
        query = self.dbpool.runInteraction(self.do_insert, item)
        # 处理异常
        query.addErrback(self.handle_error)

    def handle_error(self, failure):
        # 处理异步插入的异常
        print(failure)

    def do_insert(self, cursor, item):
        # 执行具体的插入逻辑
        # insert_sql = """
        #     insert into article(title, url, create_date, fav_nums, url_object_id, front_image_path, praise_nums,comment_nums,tags, content, front_image_url)
        #     VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s,%s, %s, %s, %s,%s, %s, %s)
        # """
        # cursor.execute(insert_sql, (item['title'], item['url'],item['create_date'],item['fav_nums'], item['url_object_id'], item['front_image_path'], item['praise_nums'], item['comment_nums'], item['tags'], item['content'], item['front_image_url']))
        insert_sql, params = item.get_insert_sql()
        cursor.execute(insert_sql, params)


class JsonItemExporterPipeline(object):
    # 调用scrapy提供的json export导出json文件
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = codecs.open('articleport.json', 'wb')
        self.exporter = JsonItemExporter(self.file, encoding="utf-8", ensure_ascii=False)
        self.exporter.start_exporting()

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.exporter.finish_exporting()
        self.file.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.exporter.export_item(item)
        return item


class ArticleImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    # 自定义图片下载
    # def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
    #     for ok, value in results:
    #         image_file_path = value['path']
    #     item['front_image_path'] = image_file_path
    #     return item
    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        print(item)
        if "front_image_url" in item:
            for ok, value in results:
                image_file_path = value["path"]
                print(image_file_path)
            item["front_image_path"] = image_file_path

        return item

settings.py

添加如下

代码语言：javascript复制

MYSQL_HOST = "127.0.0.1"
MYSQL_DBNAME = "articlespider"
MYSQL_USER = "root"
MYSQL_PASSWORD = "123456"
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
import sys, os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "ArticleSpider"))

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   # 'ArticleSpider.pipelines.ArticlespiderPipeline': 300,
    # "scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline": 1,   # scrapy自带的图片下载组件
    # 'ArticleSpider.pipelines.JsonWithEncodingPipeline': 2,   # 自定义保存到json文件
    # 'ArticleSpider.pipelines.JsonItemExporterPipeline': 2,  # 使用scrapy自带的保存到json文件组件
    # 'ArticleSpider.pipelines.MysqlPipeline': 2,   # 同步保存模式
    'ArticleSpider.pipelines.MysqlTwistedPipeline': 2,  # 异步保存模式

    'ArticleSpider.pipelines.ArticleImagePipeline': 1,  # 自定义图片下载组件
}
# 图片下载
IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = "front_image_url"
project_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
IMAGES_STORE = os.path.join(project_dir, 'images')
DOWNLOAD_FAIL_ON_DATALOSS = False

main.py

启动程序

代码语言：javascript复制

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from  scrapy.cmdline import execute

import sys, os
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
# execute(["scrapy", "crawl", "jobbole"])
execute(["scrapy", "crawl", "lagou"])

采集数据结果

scrapy

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