【DUBBO】 Schema解析Spring扩展机制集成Spring

2018-12-19 16:29:23 浏览数 (1)

本文主要介绍dubbo与spring的集成细节,阅读本文前最好对springIOC的运作流程有较好的掌握 springIOC详解

dubbo是如何做到与spring集成的?这都依赖于Spring提供的XML Schema可扩展机制,用户可以自定义XML Schema文件,并自定义XML Bean解析器,并集成到SpringIOC容器中。

创建自定义扩展,主要有以下步骤:

1、创建XML Schema 文件,描述自定义的合法构建模块,也就是xsd文件,主要用于定义数据约束;

2、自定义个处理器类,并实现NamespaceHandler接口,在里面注册各个标签对应的BeanDefinitionParser;

3、自定义一个或多个解析器,实现BeanDefinitionParser接口,用于定义Bean的解析逻辑;

Spring扩展机制

Spring在解析Bean的时候,会判断要解析的BeanDefinition是否属于默认的命名空间,例如<bean>标签。这里会分两个流程:解析Spring本身相关的BeanDefinition;解析用户自定义相关的BeanDefinition。DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader中定义了parseBeanDefinitions方法,然后委托给BeanDefinitionParserDelegate进行相关操。如下:

代码语言:javascript复制
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
        NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i  ) {
            Node node = nl.item(i);
            if (node instanceof Element) {
                Element ele = (Element) node;
                if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
                    // 默认解析
                    parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
                }else {
                    // 自定义解析
                    delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
    }
}

在此之前,先看看Spring中是怎么将各个XML Schema文件和NamespaceHandler对应起来的。

DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver

代码语言:javascript复制
public class DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver implements NamespaceHandlerResolver {

    // 映射文件路径默认在 META-INF/spring.handlers,可以存在于多个jar文件中
    public static final String DEFAULT_HANDLER_MAPPINGS_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.handlers";

    // 资源路径
    private final String handlerMappingsLocation;

    // 缓存 namespace URI:NamespaceHandler 映射关系
    private volatile Map<String, Object> handlerMappings;


    public DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver() {
        this(null, DEFAULT_HANDLER_MAPPINGS_LOCATION);
    }


    public DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver(ClassLoader classLoader) {
        this(classLoader, DEFAULT_HANDLER_MAPPINGS_LOCATION);
    }


    public DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver(ClassLoader classLoader, String handlerMappingsLocation) {
        Assert.notNull(handlerMappingsLocation, "Handler mappings location must not be null");
        this.classLoader = (classLoader != null ? classLoader : ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
        this.handlerMappingsLocation = handlerMappingsLocation;
    }


    /**
     * 根据 namespace URI 加载 NamespaceHandler
     * @param namespaceUri the relevant namespace URI
     * @return the located {@link NamespaceHandler}, or {@code null} if none found
     */
    @Override
    public NamespaceHandler resolve(String namespaceUri) {
        Map<String, Object> handlerMappings = getHandlerMappings();
        Object handlerOrClassName = handlerMappings.get(namespaceUri);
        if (handlerOrClassName == null) {
            return null;
        }else if (handlerOrClassName instanceof NamespaceHandler) {
            return (NamespaceHandler) handlerOrClassName;
        }
        else {
            String className = (String) handlerOrClassName;
            try {
                Class<?> handlerClass = ClassUtils.forName(className, this.classLoader);
                if (!NamespaceHandler.class.isAssignableFrom(handlerClass)) {
                    throw new FatalBeanException("Class ["   className   "] for namespace ["   namespaceUri  
                            "] does not implement the ["   NamespaceHandler.class.getName()   "] interface");
                }
                NamespaceHandler namespaceHandler = (NamespaceHandler) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(handlerClass);
                // 实例化之后会调用init方法
                namespaceHandler.init();
                handlerMappings.put(namespaceUri, namespaceHandler);
                return namespaceHandler;
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                throw new FatalBeanException("NamespaceHandler class ["   className   "] for namespace ["  
                        namespaceUri   "] not found", ex);
            }
            catch (LinkageError err) {
                throw new FatalBeanException("Invalid NamespaceHandler class ["   className   "] for namespace ["  
                        namespaceUri   "]: problem with handler class file or dependent class", err);
            }
        }
    }

    private Map<String, Object> getHandlerMappings() {
        // 只会在第一次调用的时候执行以下逻辑,即只会加载一次,只会就从缓存中获取了
        if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
                    try {
                        // 加载所有配置文件:META-INF/spring.handlers
                        Properties mappings = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties(this.handlerMappingsLocation, this.classLoader);
                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            logger.debug("Loaded NamespaceHandler mappings: "   mappings);
                        }
                        Map<String, Object> handlerMappings = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(mappings.size());
                        // 将 Properties解析成 Map
                        CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(mappings, handlerMappings);
                        this.handlerMappings = handlerMappings;
                    }
                    catch (IOException ex) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(
                                "Unable to load NamespaceHandler mappings from location ["   this.handlerMappingsLocation   "]", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return this.handlerMappings;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "NamespaceHandlerResolver using mappings "   getHandlerMappings();
    }

}

那么的DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver的resolve方法是在什么时候被调用呢?前面提到,在Spring启动解析Bean时有可能涉及到自定义解析,即:delegate.parseCustomElement(root),看看它的代码

parseCustomElement

代码语言:javascript复制
public BeanDefinition parseCustomElement(Element ele) {
    return parseCustomElement(ele, null);
}

public BeanDefinition parseCustomElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBd) {
    String namespaceUri = getNamespaceURI(ele);
    // 这里就调用了resolve方法
    NamespaceHandler handler = this.readerContext.getNamespaceHandlerResolver().resolve(namespaceUri);
    if (handler == null) {
        error("Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace ["   namespaceUri   "]", ele);
        return null;
    }

    // 调用NamespaceHandler的parse方法,其内部委托各种BeanDefinitionParser进行真正的解析
    return handler.parse(ele, new ParserContext(this.readerContext, this, containingBd));
}

集成Spring

前面已经介绍了Spring扩展机制的原理,dubbo也就是利用这种机制与spring实现集成的,下面简单介绍这个流程

XML Schema文件

dubbo的XML Schema文件位于dubbo-config模块下的dubbo-config-spring模块中:

dubbo.xsd文件的内容比较多,就不过多介绍了,主要就是定义了一些约束,重点看看spring.handlers的文件内容:

代码语言:javascript复制
http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo=org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.schema.DubboNamespaceHandler
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo=org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.schema.DubboNamespaceHandler

其实就是定义了namespace url 和 NamespaceHandler 的映射关系,从这里可以知道,dubbo相关命名空间的解析主要就是借助于DubboNamespaceHandler

DubboNamespaceHandler

代码语言:javascript复制
// NamespaceHandlerSupport是一个抽象类,实现了NamespaceHandler接口
public class DubboNamespaceHandler extends NamespaceHandlerSupport {

    static {
        Version.checkDuplicate(DubboNamespaceHandler.class);
    }

    @Override
    public void init() {
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("application", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ApplicationConfig.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("module", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ModuleConfig.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("registry", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(RegistryConfig.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("monitor", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(MonitorConfig.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("provider", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ProviderConfig.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("consumer", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ConsumerConfig.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("protocol", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ProtocolConfig.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("service", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ServiceBean.class, true));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("reference", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ReferenceBean.class, false));
        registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation", new AnnotationBeanDefinitionParser());
    }

}

NamespaceHandlerSupport是一个抽象类,实现了NamespaceHandler接口,里面提供了一些默认实现,所以在自定义NamespaceHandler的时候,只要继承NamespaceHandlerSupport即可。

DubboNamespaceHandler中的init方法在上面已经介绍过,在调用DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver的resolve方法的时候,实例化NamespaceHandler会被执行。

DubboBeanDefinitionParser

registerBeanDefinitionParser主要就是将标签与对应的BeanDefinitionParser缓存到一个Map中。这里涉及到一个DubboBeanDefinitionParser,它实现了BeanDefinitionParser接口,调用NamespaceHandler的parse方法的时,其内部委托DubboBeanDefinitionParser执行真正的Bean解析逻辑

代码语言:javascript复制
private final Map<String, BeanDefinitionParser> parsers =new HashMap<String, BeanDefinitionParser>();

protected final void registerBeanDefinitionParser(String elementName, BeanDefinitionParser parser) {
    this.parsers.put(elementName, parser);
}

NamespaceHandler的parse方法在NamespaceHandlerSupport中有默认实现,如下:

代码语言:javascript复制
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
    // 委托委托DubboBeanDefinitionParser执行真正的Bean解析逻辑
    return findParserForElement(element, parserContext).parse(element, parserContext);
}

// 根据标签找到对应的DubboBeanDefinitionParser
private BeanDefinitionParser findParserForElement(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
    String localName = parserContext.getDelegate().getLocalName(element);
    BeanDefinitionParser parser = this.parsers.get(localName);
    if (parser == null) {
        parserContext.getReaderContext().fatal(
                "Cannot locate BeanDefinitionParser for element ["   localName   "]", element);
    }
    return parser;
}

DubboBeanDefinitionParser中的代码比较多,如果你不是很熟悉dubbo中xml配置方式,估计很难看懂。项目中一般都是通过注解的使用引用服务,xml太过繁琐,简单看看代码吧,有机会再补充

代码语言:javascript复制
public DubboBeanDefinitionParser(Class<?> beanClass, boolean required) {
    this.beanClass = beanClass;
    this.required = required;
}

@Override
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
    return parse(element, parserContext, beanClass, required);
}

private static BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext, Class<?> beanClass, boolean required) {
    RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();

    // 这里的beanClass主要有:ApplicationConfig.class、ModuleConfig.class、RegistryConfig.class、MonitorConfig.class、ProviderConfig.class、
    // ConsumerConfig.class、ServiceBean.class、ReferenceBean.class
    beanDefinition.setBeanClass(beanClass);
    beanDefinition.setLazyInit(false);

    // 处理标签中的id,如果id设置为必输但又没有给值,则取name属性的值,如果name属性也没有值,则不同beanClass有不同的取值逻辑
    String id = element.getAttribute("id");
    if ((id == null || id.length() == 0) && required) {
        String generatedBeanName = element.getAttribute("name");
        if (generatedBeanName == null || generatedBeanName.length() == 0) {
            if (ProtocolConfig.class.equals(beanClass)) {
                generatedBeanName = "dubbo";
            } else {
                generatedBeanName = element.getAttribute("interface");
            }
        }
        if (generatedBeanName == null || generatedBeanName.length() == 0) {
            generatedBeanName = beanClass.getName();
        }
        id = generatedBeanName;
        int counter = 2;
        while (parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(id)) {
            id = generatedBeanName   (counter  );
        }
    }

    // 如果有多个相同的id,抛IllegalStateException异常
    if (id != null && id.length() > 0) {
        if (parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(id)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Duplicate spring bean id "   id);
        }
        parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(id, beanDefinition);
        beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("id", id);
    }

    // 当beanClass为ProtocolConfig.class
    if (ProtocolConfig.class.equals(beanClass)) {
        for (String name : parserContext.getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
            BeanDefinition definition = parserContext.getRegistry().getBeanDefinition(name);
            PropertyValue property = definition.getPropertyValues().getPropertyValue("protocol");
            if (property != null) {
                Object value = property.getValue();
                if (value instanceof ProtocolConfig && id.equals(((ProtocolConfig) value).getName())) {
                    definition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("protocol", new RuntimeBeanReference(id));
                }
            }
        }
    } 

    // 当beanClass为ServiceBean.class
    else if (ServiceBean.class.equals(beanClass)) {
        String className = element.getAttribute("class");
        if (className != null && className.length() > 0) {
            RootBeanDefinition classDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
            // 设置beanClass为dubbo标签中真正配置的接口所对应的Class
            classDefinition.setBeanClass(ReflectUtils.forName(className));
            classDefinition.setLazyInit(false);
            parseProperties(element.getChildNodes(), classDefinition);
            beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("ref", new BeanDefinitionHolder(classDefinition, id   "Impl"));
        }
    } 
    
    // 当beanClass为ProviderConfig.class
    else if (ProviderConfig.class.equals(beanClass)) {
        parseNested(element, parserContext, ServiceBean.class, true, "service", "provider", id, beanDefinition);
    } 
    
    // 当beanClass为ConsumerConfig.class
    else if (ConsumerConfig.class.equals(beanClass)) {
        parseNested(element, parserContext, ReferenceBean.class, false, "reference", "consumer", id, beanDefinition);
    }

    // 以下的逻辑主要用于获取一些属性的值,然后存到MutablePropertyValues中的 List<PropertyValue> propertyValueList。一个属性对应一个
    Set<String> props = new HashSet<String>();
    ManagedMap parameters = null;
    for (Method setter : beanClass.getMethods()) {
        String name = setter.getName();

        // 获取beanClass中的所有 public、只有一个参数 并且以set开头的方法
        if (name.length() > 3 && name.startsWith("set")
                && Modifier.isPublic(setter.getModifiers())
                && setter.getParameterTypes().length == 1) {
            Class<?> type = setter.getParameterTypes()[0];

            // 这里就是为了得到要注入对象的属性名,但是有一点要注意:属性 name => name;属性 userName => user-name
            String property = StringUtils.camelToSplitName(name.substring(3, 4).toLowerCase()   name.substring(4), "-");
            props.add(property);

            // 得到get方法
            Method getter = null;
            try {
                getter = beanClass.getMethod("get"   name.substring(3), new Class<?>[0]);
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                try {
                    getter = beanClass.getMethod("is"   name.substring(3), new Class<?>[0]);
                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e2) {
                }
            }
            if (getter == null
                    || !Modifier.isPublic(getter.getModifiers())
                    || !type.equals(getter.getReturnType())) {
                continue;
            }

            // 和dubbo中的一一些标签属性相关
            if ("parameters".equals(property)) {
                parameters = parseParameters(element.getChildNodes(), beanDefinition);
            } else if ("methods".equals(property)) {
                parseMethods(id, element.getChildNodes(), beanDefinition, parserContext);
            } else if ("arguments".equals(property)) {
                parseArguments(id, element.getChildNodes(), beanDefinition, parserContext);
            } else {

                // 获取标签中所配置的属性值
                String value = element.getAttribute(property);
                if (value != null) {
                    value = value.trim();
                    if (value.length() > 0) {
                        if ("registry".equals(property) && RegistryConfig.NO_AVAILABLE.equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
                            RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig();
                            registryConfig.setAddress(RegistryConfig.NO_AVAILABLE);
                            beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue(property, registryConfig);
                        } else if ("registry".equals(property) && value.indexOf(',') != -1) {
                            parseMultiRef("registries", value, beanDefinition, parserContext);
                        } else if ("provider".equals(property) && value.indexOf(',') != -1) {
                            parseMultiRef("providers", value, beanDefinition, parserContext);
                        } else if ("protocol".equals(property) && value.indexOf(',') != -1) {
                            parseMultiRef("protocols", value, beanDefinition, parserContext);
                        } else {
                            Object reference;
                            if (isPrimitive(type)) {
                                if ("async".equals(property) && "false".equals(value)
                                        || "timeout".equals(property) && "0".equals(value)
                                        || "delay".equals(property) && "0".equals(value)
                                        || "version".equals(property) && "0.0.0".equals(value)
                                        || "stat".equals(property) && "-1".equals(value)
                                        || "reliable".equals(property) && "false".equals(value)) {
                                    // backward compatibility for the default value in old version's xsd
                                    value = null;
                                }
                                reference = value;
                            } else if ("protocol".equals(property)
                                    && ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Protocol.class).hasExtension(value)
                                    && (!parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(value)
                                    || !ProtocolConfig.class.getName().equals(parserContext.getRegistry().getBeanDefinition(value).getBeanClassName()))) {
                                if ("dubbo:provider".equals(element.getTagName())) {
                                    logger.warn("Recommended replace <dubbo:provider protocol=""   value   "" ... /> to <dubbo:protocol name=""   value   "" ... />");
                                }
                                // backward compatibility
                                ProtocolConfig protocol = new ProtocolConfig();
                                protocol.setName(value);
                                reference = protocol;
                            } else if ("onreturn".equals(property)) {
                                int index = value.lastIndexOf(".");
                                String returnRef = value.substring(0, index);
                                String returnMethod = value.substring(index   1);
                                reference = new RuntimeBeanReference(returnRef);
                                beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("onreturnMethod", returnMethod);
                            } else if ("onthrow".equals(property)) {
                                int index = value.lastIndexOf(".");
                                String throwRef = value.substring(0, index);
                                String throwMethod = value.substring(index   1);
                                reference = new RuntimeBeanReference(throwRef);
                                beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("onthrowMethod", throwMethod);
                            } else if ("oninvoke".equals(property)) {
                                int index = value.lastIndexOf(".");
                                String invokeRef = value.substring(0, index);
                                String invokeRefMethod = value.substring(index   1);
                                reference = new RuntimeBeanReference(invokeRef);
                                beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("oninvokeMethod", invokeRefMethod);
                            } else {
                                if ("ref".equals(property) && parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(value)) {
                                    BeanDefinition refBean = parserContext.getRegistry().getBeanDefinition(value);
                                    if (!refBean.isSingleton()) {
                                        throw new IllegalStateException("The exported service ref "   value   " must be singleton! Please set the "   value   " bean scope to singleton, eg: <bean id=""   value   "" scope="singleton" ...>");
                                    }
                                }
                                reference = new RuntimeBeanReference(value);
                            }
                            beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue(property, reference);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    NamedNodeMap attributes = element.getAttributes();
    int len = attributes.getLength();
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i  ) {
        Node node = attributes.item(i);
        String name = node.getLocalName();
        if (!props.contains(name)) {
            if (parameters == null) {
                parameters = new ManagedMap();
            }
            String value = node.getNodeValue();
            parameters.put(name, new TypedStringValue(value, String.class));
        }
    }
    if (parameters != null) {
        beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("parameters", parameters);
    }
    return beanDefinition;
}

解析的主要流程都在代码中有注释,还有一些细节就不过多说明了。

有关于各个标签和具体抽象类的对应关系,其实在DubboNamespaceHandler已经简单的写出来的

代码语言:javascript复制
registerBeanDefinitionParser("application", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ApplicationConfig.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("module", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ModuleConfig.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("registry", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(RegistryConfig.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("monitor", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(MonitorConfig.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("provider", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ProviderConfig.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("consumer", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ConsumerConfig.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("protocol", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ProtocolConfig.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("service", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ServiceBean.class, true));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("reference", new DubboBeanDefinitionParser(ReferenceBean.class, false));
registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation", new AnnotationBeanDefinitionParser());

有关于各个标签的简单用法,如下图:

为了让大家看的更具体一些,我从官网扒了一张图下来

有关于它们的继承关系:

以下是dubbo的一个经典xml配置

代码语言:javascript复制
<!-- 应用信息 -->  
<dubbo:application name="demo"/>  

<!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->  
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"/>  

<!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->  
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181" id="registry"/>  

<!-- 默认的服务端配置 -->  
<dubbo:provider registry="registry" retries="0" timeout="5000"/>  

<!-- 声明需要暴露的服务接口 -->  
<dubbo:service interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService" ref="demoService"/>  

<!-- 引用服务 -->  
<dubbo:reference id="demoService" check="false" interface="org.apache.dubbo.demo.DemoService"/>

结合上面的的对应关系可以发现,大部分标签对应的Bean只是用于维护一些配置信息,比如:ApplicationConfig、ProtocolConfig、ProviderConfig等,这些Bean的实例化细节就不介绍了。重点关注ServiceBean和

ReferenceBean。

已经将dubbo中的标签解析成对应的RootBeanDefinition,接下来就是Spring中正常的Bean实例化流程。Spring在实例化Bean的时候预留了很多接口,也就是生命周期函数,在实例化Bean的时候可以进行各种扩展,dubbo也就是借助这些接口完成了很多的功能。有关于dubbo实例化Bean的细节,将在下一篇文章中详细介绍 【DUBBO】 Bean实例化

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