RabbitMQ简介 RabbitMQ使用Erlang语言开发的开源消息队列系统，基于AMQP协议来实现（AMQP的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由、可靠性、安全）。支持多种客户端，如：Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP等，支持AJAX。用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息，在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现很出色。
相关概念
消息队列通常有三个概念：发送消息（生产者）、队列、接收消息（消费者）。RabbitMQ在这个基本概念之上，多做了一层抽象，在发送消息和队列之间，加入了交换机。这样发送消息和队列就没有直接关系，而是通过交换机来做转发，交换机会根据分发策略把消息转给队列。
图一（MQ基本模型）：
P为发送消息（生产者）、Q为消息队列、C为接收消息（消费者）
图二（RabbitMQ模型）：
P为发送消息（生产者）、X为交换机、Q为消息队列、C为接收消息（消费者）
图一 图二
RabbitMQ比较重要的几个概念：
虚拟主机：RabbitMQ支持权限控制，但是最小控制粒度为虚拟主机。一个虚拟主机可以包含多个交换机、队列、绑定。
交换机：RabbitMQ分发器，根据不同的策略将消息分发到相关的队列。
队列：缓存消息的容器。
绑定：设置交换机与队列的关系。
是时候表演真正的技术了
为了方便演示，我们分别创建两个springboot项目：
spring-boot-rabbitmq-producer（生产者）
spring-boot-rabbitmq-consumer（消费者）
注意：实际项目中，一个系统可能即为生产者、又为消费者。
1.添加基础配置
生产者、消费者基础配置相同。
1.1）集成rabbitmq，添加maven依赖
代码语言：javascript复制<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>1.2）添加rabbitmq服务配置（application.properties）
代码语言：javascript复制#rabbitmq相关配置
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.15.131
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=admin
spring.rabbitmq.password=1234562.交换机——DirectExchange
DirectExchange是RabbitMQ的默认交换机，直接使用routingKey匹配队列。
2.1）添加一个配置类（消费者）
配置一个routingKey为notify.payment的消息队列
代码语言：javascript复制@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {
@Bean
public Queue paymentNotifyQueue() {
return new Queue("notify.payment");
}
}2.2）添加一个消息监听类（消费者）
监听routingKey为notify.payment的队列消息
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "notify.payment")
public class PaymentNotifyReceive {
@RabbitHandler
public void receive(String msg) {
LogUtil.info("notify.payment receive message: " msg);
}
}2.3）添加一个消息发送类（生产者）
将消息发送至默认的交换机且routingKey为notify.payment
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class PaymentNotifySender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sender(String msg){
LogUtil.info("notify.payment send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("notify.payment", msg);
}
}2.4）添加一个测试类（生产者）
代码语言：javascript复制@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class PaymentNotifySenderTests {
@Autowired
private PaymentNotifySender sender;
@Test
public void test_sender() {
sender.sender("支付订单号：" System.currentTimeMillis());
}
}2.5）执行test_sender()方法
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:28:53.264 INFO 10624 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Starting PaymentNotifySenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 10624 (started by lianjinsoft...
2018-05-14 16:28:53.265 INFO 10624 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:28:53.305 INFO 10624 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@...
2018-05-14 16:28:54.133 INFO 10624 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:28:55.104 INFO 10624 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:28:55.114 INFO 10624 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Started PaymentNotifySenderTests in 2.246 seconds (JVM running for 3.199)
2018-05-14 16:28:55.343 INFO 10624 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：1526286535342
2018-05-14 16:28:55.383 INFO 10624 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:28:55.444 INFO 10624 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#38be305c:0/SimpleConnection@71984c3 ...
2018-05-14 16:28:55.483 INFO 10624 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008: ...
2018-05-14 16:28:55.485 INFO 10624 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:28:55.490 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：1526286535342分析日志：
从生产者日志第7行可以看出，消息已经成功发送。
从消费者日志可以看出，消息已经成功接收。
3.交换机——TopicExchange
TopicExchange是按规则转发消息，是交换机中最灵活的一个。也是最常用的一个。
3.1）添加一个配置类（消费者）
配置一个routingKey为api.core的消息队列并绑定在coreExchange交换机上（交换机的匹配规则为api.core.*）
配置一个routingKey为api.payment的消息队列并绑定在paymentExchange交换机上（交换机的匹配规则为api.payment.#）
代码语言：javascript复制@Configuration
public class TopicConfig {
@Bean
public Queue coreQueue() {
return new Queue("api.core");
}
@Bean
public Queue paymentQueue() {
return new Queue("api.payment");
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange coreExchange() {
return new TopicExchange("coreExchange");
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange paymentExchange() {
return new TopicExchange("paymentExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingCoreExchange(Queue coreQueue, TopicExchange coreExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(coreQueue).to(coreExchange).with("api.core.*");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingPaymentExchange(Queue paymentQueue, TopicExchange paymentExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(paymentQueue).to(paymentExchange).with("api.payment.#");
}
}3.2）添加两个消息监听类（消费者）
监听routingKey为api.core的队列消息
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiCoreReceive {
@RabbitHandler
@RabbitListener(queues = "api.core")
public void user(String msg) {
LogUtil.info("api.core receive message: " msg);
}
}监听routingKey为api.payment的队列消息
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiPaymentReceive {
@RabbitHandler
@RabbitListener(queues = "api.payment")
public void order(String msg) {
LogUtil.info("api.payment.order receive message: " msg);
}
}3.3）添加两个消息发送类（生产者）
添加一个user()方法，发送消息至coreExchange交换机且routingKey为api.core.user
添加一个userQuery()方法，发送消息至coreExchange交换机且routingKey为api.core.user.query
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiCoreSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void user(String msg){
LogUtil.info("api.core.user send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("coreExchange", "api.core.user", msg);
}
public void userQuery(String msg){
LogUtil.info("api.core.user.query send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("coreExchange", "api.core.user.query", msg);
}
}添加一个order()方法，发送消息至paymentExchange交换机且routingKey为api.payment.order
添加一个orderQuery()方法，发送消息至paymentExchange交换机且routingKey为api.payment.order.query
添加一个orderDetailQuery()方法，发送消息至paymentExchange交换机且routingKey为api.payment.order.detail.query
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiPaymentSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void order(String msg){
LogUtil.info("api.payment.order send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("paymentExchange", "api.payment.order", msg);
}
public void orderQuery(String msg){
LogUtil.info("api.payment.order.query send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("paymentExchange", "api.payment.order.query", msg);
}
public void orderDetailQuery(String msg){
LogUtil.info("api.payment.order.detail.query send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("paymentExchange", "api.payment.order.detail.query", msg);
}
}3.4）添加两个测试类（生产者）
测试ApiCoreSender类中的相关方法
代码语言：javascript复制@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApiCoreSenderTests {
@Autowired
private ApiCoreSender sender;
@Test
public void test_user() {
sender.user("用户管理！");
}
@Test
public void test_userQuery() {
sender.userQuery("查询用户信息！");
}
}测试ApiPaymentSender类中的相关方法
代码语言：javascript复制@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApiPaymentSenderTests {
@Autowired
private ApiPaymentSender sender;
@Test
public void test_order() {
sender.order("订单管理！");
}
@Test
public void test_orderQuery() {
sender.orderQuery("查询订单信息！");
}
@Test
public void test_orderDetailQuery() {
sender.orderDetailQuery("查询订单详情信息！");
}
}3.5）验证
3.5.1）执行ApiCoreSenderTests测试类
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:30:05.804 INFO 7340 --- [ main] c.lianjinsoft.sender.ApiCoreSenderTests : Starting ApiCoreSenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 7340 (started by lianjinsoft in ...
2018-05-14 16:30:05.805 INFO 7340 --- [ main] c.lianjinsoft.sender.ApiCoreSenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:30:05.851 INFO 7340 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:30:06.553 INFO 7340 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:30:07.375 INFO 7340 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:30:07.385 INFO 7340 --- [ main] c.lianjinsoft.sender.ApiCoreSenderTests : Started ApiCoreSenderTests in 1.922 seconds (JVM running for 2.846)
2018-05-14 16:30:07.431 INFO 7340 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.core.user send message: 用户管理！
2018-05-14 16:30:07.463 INFO 7340 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:30:07.578 INFO 7340 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#56ace400:0/SimpleConnection@773cbf4f...
2018-05-14 16:30:07.647 INFO 7340 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.core.user.query send message: 查询用户信息！
2018-05-14 16:30:07.716 INFO 7340 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:30:07.728 INFO 7340 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:30:07.609 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.core receive message: 用户管理！分析日志：
从生产者日志第7、10行可以看出，api.core.user和api.core.user.query消息均已发送成功。
从消费者日志可以看出，只有api.core.user发送的消息被收到了。
问题：
为什么api.core.user.query发送的消息没有被api.core队列监听消费？
答：因为在TopicConfig配置类中，我们对api.core队列绑定的交换机规则是api.core.*，而通配符“*”只能向后多匹配一层路径。
3.5.2）执行ApiPaymentSenderTests测试类
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:31:12.823 INFO 6460 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiPaymentSenderTests : Starting ApiPaymentSenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 6460 (started by lianjinsoft in ...
2018-05-14 16:31:12.823 INFO 6460 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiPaymentSenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:31:12.857 INFO 6460 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:31:13.718 INFO 6460 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:31:14.530 INFO 6460 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:31:14.539 INFO 6460 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiPaymentSenderTests : Started ApiPaymentSenderTests in 2.05 seconds (JVM running for 2.945)
2018-05-14 16:31:14.592 INFO 6460 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.payment.order.query send message: 查询订单信息！
2018-05-14 16:31:14.638 INFO 6460 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:31:14.762 INFO 6460 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#47404bea:0/SimpleConnection@6b54655f ...
2018-05-14 16:31:14.819 INFO 6460 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.payment.order.detail.query send message: 查询订单详情信息！
2018-05-14 16:31:14.825 INFO 6460 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.payment.order send message: 订单管理！
2018-05-14 16:31:14.836 INFO 6460 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:31:14.840 INFO 6460 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:31:14.809 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.payment.order receive message: 查询订单信息！
2018-05-14 16:31:14.821 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.payment.order receive message: 查询订单详情信息！
2018-05-14 16:31:14.829 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.payment.order receive message: 订单管理！分析日志：
从生产者日志第7、10、11行可以看出，api.payment.order.query、api.payment.order.detail.query、api.payment.order消息均发送成功。
从消费者日志可以看出，api.payment.order队列监听到了所有消息并均处理成功了。
知识点：
TopicExchange交换机支持使用通配符*、#
*号只能向后多匹配一层路径。
#号可以向后匹配多层路径。
4.交换机——HeadersExchange
HeadersExchange交换机是根据请求消息中设置的header attribute参数类型来匹配的（和routingKey没有关系）。
4.1）添加一个配置类（消费者）
配置一个routingKey为credit.bank的消息队列并绑定在creditBankExchange交换机上
配置一个routingKey为credit.finance的消息队列并绑定在creditFinanceExchange交换机上
代码语言：javascript复制@Configuration
public class HeadersConfig {
@Bean
public Queue creditBankQueue() {
return new Queue("credit.bank");
}
@Bean
public Queue creditFinanceQueue() {
return new Queue("credit.finance");
}
@Bean
public HeadersExchange creditBankExchange() {
return new HeadersExchange("creditBankExchange");
}
@Bean
public HeadersExchange creditFinanceExchange() {
return new HeadersExchange("creditFinanceExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingCreditAExchange(Queue creditBankQueue, HeadersExchange creditBankExchange) {
Map<String,Object> headerValues = new HashMap<>();
headerValues.put("type", "cash");
headerValues.put("aging", "fast");
return BindingBuilder.bind(creditBankQueue).to(creditBankExchange).whereAll(headerValues).match();
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingCreditBExchange(Queue creditFinanceQueue, HeadersExchange creditFinanceExchange) {
Map<String,Object> headerValues = new HashMap<>();
headerValues.put("type", "cash");
headerValues.put("aging", "fast");
return BindingBuilder.bind(creditFinanceQueue).to(creditFinanceExchange).whereAny(headerValues).match();
}
}4.2）添加一个消息监听类（消费者）
添加creditBank()方法，监听routingKey为credit.bank的队列消息
添加creditFinance()方法，监听routingKey为credit.finance的队列消息
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiCreditReceive {
@RabbitHandler
@RabbitListener(queues = "credit.bank")
public void creditBank(String msg) {
LogUtil.info("credit.bank receive message: " msg);
}
@RabbitHandler
@RabbitListener(queues = "credit.finance")
public void creditFinance(String msg) {
LogUtil.info("credit.finance receive message: " msg);
}
}4.3）添加一个消息发送类（生产者）
添加一个creditBank()方法，发送消息至creditBankExchange交换机且routingKey为credit.bank
添加一个creditFinance()方法，发送消息至creditFinanceExchange交换机且routingKey为credit.finance
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiCreditSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void creditBank(Map<String, Object> head, String msg){
LogUtil.info("credit.bank send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("creditBankExchange", "credit.bank", getMessage(head, msg));
}
public void creditFinance(Map<String, Object> head, String msg){
LogUtil.info("credit.finance send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("creditFinanceExchange", "credit.finance", getMessage(head, msg));
}
}4.4）添加一个测试类（生产者）
代码语言：javascript复制@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApiCreditSenderTests {
@Autowired
private ApiCreditSender sender;
@Test
public void test_creditBank_type() {
Map<String,Object> head = new HashMap<>();
head.put("type", "cash");
sender.creditBank(head, "银行授信(部分匹配)");
}
@Test
public void test_creditBank_all() {
Map<String,Object> head = new HashMap<>();
head.put("type", "cash");
head.put("aging", "fast");
sender.creditBank(head, "银行授信(全部匹配)");
}
@Test
public void test_creditFinance_type() {
Map<String,Object> head = new HashMap<>();
head.put("type", "cash");
sender.creditFinance(head, "金融公司授信(部分匹配)");
}
@Test
public void test_creditFinance_all() {
Map<String,Object> head = new HashMap<>();
head.put("type", "cash");
head.put("aging", "fast");
sender.creditFinance(head, "金融公司授信(全部匹配)");
}
}4.5）执行ApiCreditSenderTests测试类
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:32:18.954 INFO 5204 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiCreditSenderTests : Starting ApiCreditSenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 5204 (started by lianjinsoft in...
2018-05-14 16:32:18.964 INFO 5204 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiCreditSenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:32:19.007 INFO 5204 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:32:19.609 INFO 5204 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:32:20.437 INFO 5204 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:32:20.446 INFO 5204 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiCreditSenderTests : Started ApiCreditSenderTests in 1.839 seconds (JVM running for 2.759)
2018-05-14 16:32:20.566 INFO 5204 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : credit.bank send message: 银行授信(部分匹配)
2018-05-14 16:32:20.574 INFO 5204 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:32:20.666 INFO 5204 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#56ace400:0/SimpleConnection@773cbf4f...
2018-05-14 16:32:21.064 INFO 5204 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : credit.finance send message: 金融公司授信(全部匹配)
2018-05-14 16:32:21.070 INFO 5204 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : credit.bank send message: 银行授信(全部匹配)
2018-05-14 16:32:21.077 INFO 5204 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : credit.finance send message: 金融公司授信(部分匹配)
2018-05-14 16:32:21.109 INFO 5204 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:32:21.114 INFO 5204 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:32:21.093 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : credit.finance receive message: 金融公司授信(全部匹配)
2018-05-14 16:32:21.094 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : credit.bank receive message: 银行授信(全部匹配)
2018-05-14 16:32:21.097 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : credit.finance receive message: 金融公司授信(部分匹配)分析日志：
通过生产者日志第7、10、11、12可以看出，测试的4个方法均已成功发送消息。
通过消费者日志可以看出，credit.bank监听的队列有一条消息没有接收到。
问题：
为什么ApiCreditSenderTests.test_creditBank_type()发送的消息，没有被处理？
答：因为在HeadersConfig配置类中，creditBankExchange交换机的匹配规则是完全匹配，即header attribute参数必须完成一致。
5.交换机——FanoutExchange
FanoutExchange交换机是转发消息到所有绑定队列（广播模式，和routingKey没有关系）。
5.1）添加一个配置类（消费者）
配置一个routingKey为api.report.payment的消息队列并绑定在reportExchange交换机上
配置一个routingKey为api.report.refund的消息队列并绑定在reportExchange交换机上
代码语言：javascript复制@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
@Bean
public Queue reportPaymentQueue() {
return new Queue("api.report.payment");
}
@Bean
public Queue reportRefundQueue() {
return new Queue("api.report.refund");
}
@Bean
public FanoutExchange reportExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("reportExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingReportPaymentExchange(Queue reportPaymentQueue, FanoutExchange reportExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(reportPaymentQueue).to(reportExchange);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingReportRefundExchange(Queue reportRefundQueue, FanoutExchange reportExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(reportRefundQueue).to(reportExchange);
}
}5.2）添加一个消息监听类（消费者）
添加payment()方法，监听routingKey为api.report.payment的队列消息
添加refund()方法，监听routingKey为api.report.refund的队列消息
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiReportReceive {
@RabbitHandler
@RabbitListener(queues = "api.report.payment")
public void payment(String msg) {
LogUtil.info("api.report.payment receive message: " msg);
}
@RabbitHandler
@RabbitListener(queues = "api.report.refund")
public void refund(String msg) {
LogUtil.info("api.report.refund receive message: " msg);
}
}5.3）添加一个消息发送类（生产者）
添加一个generateReports()方法，发送消息至reportExchange交换机
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class ApiReportSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void generateReports(String msg){
LogUtil.info("api.generate.reports send message: " msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("reportExchange", "api.generate.reports", msg);
}
}5.4）添加一个测试类（生产者）
代码语言：javascript复制@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApiReportSenderTests {
@Autowired
private ApiReportSender sender;
@Test
public void test_generateReports() {
sender.generateReports("开始生成报表！");
}
}5.5）执行ApiReportSenderTests测试类
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:33:41.453 INFO 14356 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiReportSenderTests : Starting ApiReportSenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 14356 (started by lianjinsoft in ...
2018-05-14 16:33:41.454 INFO 14356 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiReportSenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:33:41.490 INFO 14356 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:33:42.094 INFO 14356 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type...
2018-05-14 16:33:42.960 INFO 14356 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:33:42.972 INFO 14356 --- [ main] c.l.sender.ApiReportSenderTests : Started ApiReportSenderTests in 1.939 seconds (JVM running for 2.843)
2018-05-14 16:33:43.037 INFO 14356 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.generate.reports send message: 开始生成报表！
2018-05-14 16:33:43.054 INFO 14356 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:33:43.174 INFO 14356 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#56ace400:0/SimpleConnection@773cbf4f...
2018-05-14 16:33:43.237 INFO 14356 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa:...
2018-05-14 16:33:43.240 INFO 14356 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:33:43.205 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.report.payment receive message: 开始生成报表！
2018-05-14 16:33:43.207 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : api.report.refund receive message: 开始生成报表！分析日志：
通过生产者日志第7行可以看出，消息已发送成功。
通过消费者日志可以看出，api.report.payment和api.report.refund队列均收到了同一个消息。
6.多对一
在实际项目中，我们的系统通常会做集群、分布式或灾备部署。那么就会出现一对多、多对一或多对多的场景。
那么咱们本地如何模拟多对一呢？
6.1）为了测试方便，我们复用PaymentNotifyReceive案例，在PaymentNotifySenderTests测试类中，增加测试方法
test_sender_many2one_1：请求参数为偶数
test_sender_many2one_2：请求参数为奇数
代码语言：javascript复制@Test
public void test_sender_many2one_1() throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i =2) {
sender.sender("支付订单号：" i);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
@Test
public void test_sender_many2one_2() throws Exception {
for (int i = 1; i < 20; i =2) {
sender.sender("支付订单号：" i);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}6.2）执行test_sender_many2one_1()、test_sender_many2one_2()方法
生产者1日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:34:49.249 INFO 5064 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Starting PaymentNotifySenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 5064 (started by lianjinsoft in...
2018-05-14 16:34:49.250 INFO 5064 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:34:49.297 INFO 5064 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008:...
2018-05-14 16:34:49.989 INFO 5064 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:34:51.267 INFO 5064 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:34:51.293 INFO 5064 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Started PaymentNotifySenderTests in 2.449 seconds (JVM running for 3.366)
2018-05-14 16:34:51.357 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：0
2018-05-14 16:34:51.370 INFO 5064 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:34:51.817 INFO 5064 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#56ace400:0/SimpleConnection@773cbf4f ...
2018-05-14 16:34:52.866 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：2
2018-05-14 16:34:53.870 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：4
2018-05-14 16:34:54.870 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：6
2018-05-14 16:34:55.871 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：8
2018-05-14 16:34:56.872 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：10
2018-05-14 16:34:57.872 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：12
2018-05-14 16:34:58.873 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：14
2018-05-14 16:34:59.875 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：16
2018-05-14 16:35:00.876 INFO 5064 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：18
2018-05-14 16:35:01.882 INFO 5064 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008:...
2018-05-14 16:35:01.883 INFO 5064 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647生产者2日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:34:52.689 INFO 13988 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Starting PaymentNotifySenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 13988 (started by lianjinsoft in...
2018-05-14 16:34:52.690 INFO 13988 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:34:52.738 INFO 13988 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008: ...
2018-05-14 16:34:53.444 INFO 13988 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:34:54.567 INFO 13988 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:34:54.575 INFO 13988 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Started PaymentNotifySenderTests in 2.237 seconds (JVM running for 4.18)
2018-05-14 16:34:54.788 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：1
2018-05-14 16:34:54.796 INFO 13988 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:34:54.870 INFO 13988 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#305f7627:0/SimpleConnection@665e9289...
2018-05-14 16:34:55.903 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：3
2018-05-14 16:34:56.903 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：5
2018-05-14 16:34:57.904 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：7
2018-05-14 16:34:58.904 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：9
2018-05-14 16:34:59.905 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：11
2018-05-14 16:35:00.906 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：13
2018-05-14 16:35:01.907 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：15
2018-05-14 16:35:02.907 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：17
2018-05-14 16:35:03.910 INFO 13988 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：19
2018-05-14 16:35:04.928 INFO 13988 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008:...
2018-05-14 16:35:04.932 INFO 13988 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:34:51.853 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：0
2018-05-14 16:34:52.871 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：2
2018-05-14 16:34:53.871 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：4
2018-05-14 16:34:54.871 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：6
2018-05-14 16:34:54.902 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：1
2018-05-14 16:34:55.872 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：8
2018-05-14 16:34:55.904 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：3
2018-05-14 16:34:56.873 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：10
2018-05-14 16:34:56.905 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：5
2018-05-14 16:34:57.873 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：12
2018-05-14 16:34:57.905 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：7
2018-05-14 16:34:58.878 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：14
2018-05-14 16:34:58.906 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：9
2018-05-14 16:34:59.877 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：16
2018-05-14 16:34:59.906 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：11
2018-05-14 16:35:00.877 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：18
2018-05-14 16:35:00.909 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：13
2018-05-14 16:35:01.909 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：15
2018-05-14 16:35:02.911 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：17
2018-05-14 16:35:03.914 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：19分析日志：
从生产者1、生产者2日志中可以看出，所有消息均已经发送成功。
从消费者日志可以看出，所有消息均被成功接收处理。
7.一对多
如何模拟一对多？
7.1）为了测试方便，我们继续复用PaymentNotifyReceive案例，在PaymentNotifySenderTests测试类中，增加测试方法
test_sender_one2many：循环调用20次。
代码语言：javascript复制@Test
public void test_sender_one2many() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i ) {
sender.sender("支付订单号：" i);
}
}7.2）测试
为了达到一对多的效果，我们需要多启动一个（或多个）消费者。然后执行test_sender_one2many()测试方法。
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:36:27.703 INFO 7508 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Starting PaymentNotifySenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 7508 (started by lianjinsoft in...
2018-05-14 16:36:27.704 INFO 7508 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:36:27.729 INFO 7508 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008:...
2018-05-14 16:36:28.391 INFO 7508 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type...
2018-05-14 16:36:29.285 INFO 7508 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:36:29.303 INFO 7508 --- [ main] c.l.sender.PaymentNotifySenderTests : Started PaymentNotifySenderTests in 2.197 seconds (JVM running for 3.097)
2018-05-14 16:36:29.504 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：0
2018-05-14 16:36:29.516 INFO 7508 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:36:29.635 INFO 7508 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#4f071df8:0/SimpleConnection@42a9e5d1...
2018-05-14 16:36:29.672 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：1
2018-05-14 16:36:29.679 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：2
2018-05-14 16:36:29.705 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：3
2018-05-14 16:36:29.707 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：4
2018-05-14 16:36:29.710 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：5
2018-05-14 16:36:29.710 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：6
2018-05-14 16:36:29.710 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：7
2018-05-14 16:36:29.713 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：8
2018-05-14 16:36:29.719 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：9
2018-05-14 16:36:29.728 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：10
2018-05-14 16:36:29.729 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：11
2018-05-14 16:36:29.733 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：12
2018-05-14 16:36:29.734 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：13
2018-05-14 16:36:29.734 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：14
2018-05-14 16:36:29.734 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：15
2018-05-14 16:36:29.741 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：16
2018-05-14 16:36:29.742 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：17
2018-05-14 16:36:29.742 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：18
2018-05-14 16:36:29.744 INFO 7508 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment send message: 支付订单号：19
2018-05-14 16:36:29.762 INFO 7508 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008:...
2018-05-14 16:36:29.767 INFO 7508 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者1日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:36:29.675 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：0
2018-05-14 16:36:29.690 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：2
2018-05-14 16:36:29.712 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：4
2018-05-14 16:36:29.714 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：6
2018-05-14 16:36:29.728 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：9
2018-05-14 16:36:29.733 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：11
2018-05-14 16:36:29.737 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：13
2018-05-14 16:36:29.740 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：15
2018-05-14 16:36:29.743 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：16
2018-05-14 16:36:29.745 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：18消费者2日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:36:29.705 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：1
2018-05-14 16:36:29.709 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：3
2018-05-14 16:36:29.712 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：5
2018-05-14 16:36:29.718 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：7
2018-05-14 16:36:29.722 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：8
2018-05-14 16:36:29.731 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：10
2018-05-14 16:36:29.736 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：12
2018-05-14 16:36:29.738 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：14
2018-05-14 16:36:29.744 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：17
2018-05-14 16:36:29.747 INFO 13448 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.payment receive message: 支付订单号：19分析日志：
从生产者日志可以看出，所有的消息均已经发送成功。
从消费者1、消费者2日志可以看出，消息被两个消费者均衡消费了。
8.发送对象
实际项目中，请求信息可能包含多个字段。为了保证生产者与消费者两端的字段一致性，通常会传递一个对象。
8.1）为了测试方便，我们在DirectConfig中增加一个消息队列
代码语言：javascript复制@Bean
public Queue refundNotifyQueue() {
return new Queue("notify.refund");
}8.2）添加一个消息监听类（消费者）
监听routingKey为notify.refund的队列消息
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "notify.refund")
public class RefundNotifyReceive {
@RabbitHandler
public void receive(Order order) {
LogUtil.info("notify.refund receive message: " order);
}
}8.3）添加一个消息发送类（生产者）
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class RefundNotifySender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sender(Order order){
LogUtil.info("notify.refund send message: " order);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("notify.refund", order);
}
}8.4）添加一个测试类
代码语言：javascript复制@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RefundNotifySenderTests {
@Autowired
private RefundNotifySender sender;
@Test
public void test_sender() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setId(100001);
order.setOrderId(String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
order.setAmount(new BigDecimal("1999.99"));
order.setCreateTime(new Date());
sender.sender(order);
}
}8.5）执行RefundNotifySenderTests测试类
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:37:47.038 INFO 13672 --- [ main] c.l.sender.RefundNotifySenderTests : Starting RefundNotifySenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 13672 (started by lianjinsoft in...
2018-05-14 16:37:47.041 INFO 13672 --- [ main] c.l.sender.RefundNotifySenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:37:47.070 INFO 13672 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa:...
2018-05-14 16:37:47.715 INFO 13672 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:37:48.779 INFO 13672 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:37:48.802 INFO 13672 --- [ main] c.l.sender.RefundNotifySenderTests : Started RefundNotifySenderTests in 2.082 seconds (JVM running for 2.967)
2018-05-14 16:37:49.085 INFO 13672 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.refund send message: Order [id=100001, orderId=1526287069081, amount=1999.99, createTime=...
2018-05-14 16:37:49.104 INFO 13672 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:37:49.170 INFO 13672 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#6b5894c8:0/SimpleConnection@38f57b3d [delegate=...
2018-05-14 16:37:49.265 INFO 13672 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1e800aaa: ...
2018-05-14 16:37:49.266 INFO 13672 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:37:49.242 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.refund receive message: Order [id=100001, orderId=1526287069081, amount=1999.99, createTime=...分析日志：
从生产者日志可以看出，order对象已经发送成功。
从消费者日志可以看出，order对象已经接受成功并可以直接使用。
注意：
传递的对象必须支持序列化（实现了Serializable接口）
9.RPC
RabbitMQ支持RPC远程调用，同步返回结果。
9.1）为了测试方便，我们在DirectConfig中增加一个消息队列
代码语言：javascript复制@Bean
public Queue queryOrderQueue() {
return new Queue("query.order");
}9.2）添加一个消息监听类（消费者）
监听routingKey为query.order的队列消息
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "query.order")
public class QueryOrderReceive {
@RabbitHandler
public Order receive(String orderId) {
LogUtil.info("notify.refund receive message: " orderId);
Order order = new Order();
order.setId(100001);
order.setOrderId(orderId);
order.setAmount(new BigDecimal("2999.99"));
order.setCreateTime(new Date());
return order;
}
}9.3）添加一个消息发送类（生产者）
代码语言：javascript复制@Component
public class QueryOrderSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sender(String orderId){
LogUtil.info("query.order send message: " orderId);
Order order = (Order) rabbitTemplate.convertSendAndReceive("query.order", orderId);
LogUtil.info("query.order return message: " order);
}
}9.4）添加一个测试类
代码语言：javascript复制@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class QueryOrderSenderTests {
@Autowired
private QueryOrderSender sender;
@Test
public void test_sender() {
sender.sender("900000001");
}
}9.5）执行QueryOrderSenderTests测试类
生产者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:38:14.163 INFO 2024 --- [ main] c.l.sender.QueryOrderSenderTests : Starting QueryOrderSenderTests on LAPTOP-1DF7S904 with PID 2024 (started by lianjinsoft in...
2018-05-14 16:38:14.164 INFO 2024 --- [ main] c.l.sender.QueryOrderSenderTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-05-14 16:38:14.197 INFO 2024 --- [ main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008: ...
2018-05-14 16:38:14.848 INFO 2024 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitBootstrapConfiguration' of type ...
2018-05-14 16:38:15.705 INFO 2024 --- [ main] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Starting beans in phase 2147483647
2018-05-14 16:38:15.715 INFO 2024 --- [ main] c.l.sender.QueryOrderSenderTests : Started QueryOrderSenderTests in 1.927 seconds (JVM running for 3.079)
2018-05-14 16:38:15.793 INFO 2024 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : query.order send message: 900000001
2018-05-14 16:38:15.812 INFO 2024 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.15.131:5672]
2018-05-14 16:38:15.988 INFO 2024 --- [ main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#38be305c:0/SimpleConnection@71984c3 ...
2018-05-14 16:38:16.057 INFO 2024 --- [ main] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : query.order return message: Order [id=100001, orderId=900000001, amount=2999.99, createTime=...
2018-05-14 16:38:16.079 INFO 2024 --- [ Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@7eac9008: ...
2018-05-14 16:38:16.097 INFO 2024 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.c.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor : Stopping beans in phase 2147483647消费者日志：
代码语言：javascript复制2018-05-14 16:38:16.028 INFO 14876 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] com.lianjinsoft.util.LogUtil : notify.refund receive message: 900000001分析日志：
从生产者日志第7行可以看出，消息已经发送成功。从第10行日志可以看出，已经收取到返回的消息，并成功转化为Order对象。
从消费者日志可以看出，已经成功接收到消息并处理完成。
虽然RabbitMQ支持RPC接口调用，但不推荐使用。
原因：
1）RPC默认为单线程阻塞模型，效率极低。
2）需要手动实现多线程消费。
安装RabbitMQ请参考：CentOS在线安装RabbitMQ3.7
本帖源代码：https://gitee.com/skychenjiajun/spring-boot
