如何在Redhat7.4的CDH5.15中启用Kerberos

2018-07-12 15:59:48 浏览数 (1)

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Fayson的github: https://github.com/fayson/cdhproject

提示:代码块部分可以左右滑动查看噢

1.文档编写目的


在前面的文章中,Fayson介绍了《如何在Redhat7.4安装CDH5.15》,这里我们基于这个环境开始安装MIT Kerberos。关于在CDH中启用Kerberos也可以参考之前的文章《如何在CDH集群启用Kerberos》,《如何在Redhat7.3的CDH5.14中启用Kerberos》和《如何在CDH6.0.0-beta1中启用Kerberos》。本文Fayson主要介绍如何而在Redhat7.4的CDH5.15中启用Kerberos。

  • 内容概述:

1.如何安装及配置KDC服务

2.如何通过CDH启用Kerberos

3.如何登录Kerberos并访问Hadoop相关服务

4.总结

  • 测试环境:

1.操作系统:Redhat7.4

2.CDH5.15

3.采用root用户进行操作

2.KDC服务安装及配置


本文档中将KDC服务安装在Cloudera Manager Server所在服务器上(KDC服务可根据自己需要安装在其他服务器)

1.在Cloudera Manager服务器上安装KDC服务

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ yum -y install krb5-server krb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation

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2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ vim /etc/krb5.conf
# Configuration snippets may be placed in this directory as well
includedir /etc/krb5.conf.d/

[logging]
 default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
 kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
 admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log

[libdefaults]
 dns_lookup_realm = false
 ticket_lifetime = 24h
 renew_lifetime = 7d
 forwardable = true
 rdns = false
 default_realm = FAYSON.COM
 #default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid}

[realms]
 FAYSON.COM = {
  kdc = ip-172-31-6-83.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
  admin_server = ip-172-31-6-83.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
 }

[domain_realm]
 .ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM
 ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM

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标红部分为需要修改的信息。

3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
*/admin@FAYSON.COM      *

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4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf 
[kdcdefaults]
 kdc_ports = 88
 kdc_tcp_ports = 88

[realms]
 FAYSON.COM = {
  #master_key_type = aes256-cts
  max_renewable_life= 7d 0h 0m 0s
  acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
  dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words
  admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab
  supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hma
c:normal camellia256-cts:normal camellia128-cts:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:norm
al des-cbc-crc:normal
 }

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标红部分为需要修改的配置。

5.创建Kerberos数据库

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ kdb5_util create –r FAYSON.COM -s
Loading random data
Initializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM',
master key name 'K/M@FAYSON.COM'
You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.
Enter KDC database master key: 
Re-enter KDC database master key to verify: 
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ 

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此处需要输入Kerberos数据库的密码。

6.创建Kerberos的管理账号

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Re-enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ 

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标红部分为Kerberos管理员账号,需要输入管理员密码。

7.将Kerberos服务添加到自启动服务,并启动krb5kdc和kadmin服务

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ systemctl enable krb5kdc
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ systemctl enable kadmin
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ systemctl start krb5kdc
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ systemctl start kadmin

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8.测试Kerberos的管理员账号

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]#  kinit admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
Password for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM: 
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: admin/admin@FAYSON.COM

Valid starting       Expires              Service principal
07/04/2018 14:55:29  07/05/2018 14:55:29  krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM
        renew until 07/11/2018 14:55:29
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]#

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9.为集群安装所有Kerberos客户端,包括Cloudera Manager

使用批处理脚本为集群所有节点安装Kerberos客户端

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list 'yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation'

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10.在Cloudera Manager Server服务器上安装额外的包

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ yum -y install openldap-clients

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11.将KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷贝到所有Kerberos客户端

使用批处理脚本将Kerberos服务端的krb5.conf配置文件拷贝至集群所有节点的/etc目录下:

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh bk_cp.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf /etc/

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3.CDH集群启用Kerberos


1.在KDC中给Cloudera Manager添加管理员账号

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM": 
Principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  exit
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ 

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2.进入Cloudera Manager的“管理”->“安全”界面

3.选择“启用Kerberos”,进入如下界面

4.确保如下列出的所有检查项都已完成

5.点击“继续”,配置相关的KDC信息,包括类型、KDC服务器、KDC Realm、加密类型以及待创建的Service Principal(hdfs,yarn,,hbase,hive等)的更新生命期等

6.不建议让Cloudera Manager来管理krb5.conf, 点击“继续”

7.输入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理员账号,一定得和之前创建的账号一致,点击“继续”

8.点击“继续”启用Kerberos

9.Kerberos启用完成,点击“继续”

10.勾选重启集群,点击“继续”

11.集群重启完成,点击“继续”

12.点击“继续”

点击“完成”,至此已成功启用Kerberos。

4.Kerberos使用


使用fayson用户运行MapReduce任务及操作Hive,需要在集群所有节点创建fayson用户。

1.使用kadmin创建一个fayson的principal

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc fayson@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for fayson@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": 
Re-enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM": 
Principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:  

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2.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ kdestroy
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ kinit fayson
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ klist

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3.在集群所有节点添加fayson用户

使用批量脚本在所有节点添加fayson用户

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "useradd fayson"
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "id fayson"

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4.运行MapReduce作业

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 ~]$ hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce/hadoop-examples.jar pi 10 1

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5.使用beeline连接hive进行测试

代码语言:javascript复制
[root@ip-172-31-6-83 128-hdfs-NAMENODE]# beeline 
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.15.0 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-6-83.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@FAYSON.COM
scan complete in 1ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-6-83.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@FAYSON.COM
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.15.0)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.15.0)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;
INFO  : Compiling command(queryId=hive_20180704152323_8dba5191-3121-4c92-82de-94ae8e7fe878): show tables
INFO  : Semantic Analysis Completed
INFO  : Returning Hive schema: Schema(fieldSchemas:[FieldSchema(name:tab_name, type:string, comment:from deserializer)], properties:null)
INFO  : Completed compiling command(queryId=hive_20180704152323_8dba5191-3121-4c92-82de-94ae8e7fe878); Time taken: 0.587 seconds
INFO  : Executing command(queryId=hive_20180704152323_8dba5191-3121-4c92-82de-94ae8e7fe878): show tables
INFO  : Starting task [Stage-0:DDL] in serial mode
INFO  : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20180704152323_8dba5191-3121-4c92-82de-94ae8e7fe878); Time taken: 0.064 seconds
INFO  : OK
 ----------- -- 
| tab_name  |
 ----------- -- 
 ----------- -- 
No rows selected (1.982 seconds)

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创建一个test表

代码语言:javascript复制
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create table test(id int, name string);

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向test表中插入数据

代码语言:javascript复制
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> insert into test values(1, 'fayson');

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执行一个Count语句

代码语言:javascript复制
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test;

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5.常见问题


1.使用Kerberos用户身份运行MapReduce作业报错

代码语言:javascript复制
main : run as user is fayson
main : requested yarn user is fayson
Requested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,which is below the minimum allowed 1000

Failing this attempt. Failing the application.
17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0
Job Finished in 6.184 seconds
java.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist: hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1820)
        at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1844)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144)
        at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

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问题原因:是由于Yarn限制了用户id小于1000的用户提交作业;

解决方法:修改Yarn的min.user.id来解决

2.进行kinit操作后,执行MR作业报“User fayson not found”

问题原因:在集群的节点上没有fayson这个用户

解决方法:需要在集群所有节点添加fayson用户

6.总结


  • 在CDH集群中启用Kerberos需要先安装Kerberos服务(krb5kdc和kadmin服务)
  • 在集群所有节点需要安装Kerberos客户端,用于和kdc服务通信
  • 在Cloudera Manager Server节点需要额外安装openldap-clients包
  • CDH集群启用Kerberos后,使用自己定义的fayson用户向集群提交作业需确保集群所有节点的操作系统中存在fayson用户,否则作业会执行失败

提示:代码块部分可以左右滑动查看噢

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