前言
相信你一定对“云主机”一词并不陌生吧，通过在Web页面选择所需主机配置，即可快速定制一台属于自己的虚拟主机，并实现登陆操作，大大节省了物理资源。但这一过程是如何实现的呢？本文带来OpenStack Icehouse私有云实战部署。
OpenStack
简介
OpenStack是由网络主机服务商Rackspace和美国宇航局联合推出的一个开源项目，OpenStack的目标是为所有类型的云提供一个易于实施，可大规模扩展，且功能丰富的解决方案，任何公司或个人都可以搭建自己的云计算环境（IaaS），从此打破了Amazon等少数公司的垄断。
架构
工作流程
OpenStack部署
实验环境
实验拓扑
#各节点时间已同步
#各节点已禁用NetworkManager服务
#各节点已清空防火墙规则，并保存
#各节点已基于hosts实现主机名通信
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.123 controller.scholar.com controller
192.168.10.124 compute.scholar.com compute
192.168.10.125 network.scholar.com network
192.168.10.126 block.scholar.com block
#Network Node用于外部网络的接口不能用IP地址，建议使用类似如下配置
#INTERFACE_NAME为实际的网络接口名，例如eth1：
DEVICE=INTERFACE_NAME
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
路由配置
Block Storage Node还同时提供路由功能，首先来配置一下路由
[root@bolck ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@bolck ~]# sysctl -p
[root@bolck ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.10.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 172.16.10.126
[root@bolck ~]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[ OK ]
安装配置Keystone
安装Keystone
openstac yum源安装
[root@controller ~]# wget http://rdo.fedorapeople.org/openstack-icehouse/rdo-release-icehouse.rpm
[root@controller ~]# rpm -ivh rdo-release-icehouse.rpm
安装并初始化MySQL服务器
[root@controller ~]# yum install mariadb-galera-server -y
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
...
datadir=/mydata/data
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = ON
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
skip_name_resolve = ON
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /mydata/data -p
[root@controller ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/
[root@controller ~]# mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data/ --user=mysql
[root@controller ~]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@controller ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@controller ~]# mysql_secure_installation
安装配置Identity 服务
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-utils openstack-keystone python-keystoneclient -y
#创建 keystone数据库，其默认会创建一个keystone用户以访问此同名数据库，密码可以使用--pass指定
[root@controller ~]# openstack-db --init --service keystone --pass keystone
Please enter the password for the 'root' MySQL user:
Verified connectivity to MySQL.
Creating 'keystone' database.
Initializing the keystone database, please wait...
Complete!
编辑keystone主配置文件，使得其使用MySQL做为数据存储池
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
> database connection mysql://keystone:keystone@controller/keystone
配置token
[root@controller ~]# export ADMIN_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 10)
[root@controller ~]# export OS_SERVICE_TOKEN=$ADMIN_TOKEN
[root@controller ~]# export OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http://controller:35357/v2.0
[root@controller ~]# echo $ADMIN_TOKEN > ~/openstack_admin_token
[root@controller ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf DEFAULT admin_token $ADMIN_TOKEN
设定openstack用到的证书服务
[root@controller ~]# keystone-manage pki_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
[root@controller ~]# chown -R keystone.keystone /etc/keystone/ssl
[root@controller ~]# chmod -R o-rwx /etc/keystone/ssl
启动服务
[root@controller ~]# service openstack-keystone start
Starting keystone: [ OK ]
[root@controller ~]# chkconfig openstack-keystone on
[root@controller ~]# ss -tnlp | grep keystone-all
LISTEN 0 128 *:35357 *:* users:(("keystone-all",7063,4))
LISTEN 0 128 *:5000 *:* users:(("keystone-all",7063,6))
创建tenant、角色和用户
#创建admin用户
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name=admin --pass=admin --email=admin@scholar.com
#创建admin角色
[root@controller ~]# keystone role-create --name=admin
#创建admin tenant
[root@controller ~]# keystone tenant-create --name=admin --description="Admin Tenant"
#关联用户、角色及tenant
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=admin --tenant=admin --role=admin
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=admin --role=_member_ --tenant=admin
#创建普通用户（非必须）
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name=demo --pass=demo --email=demo@scholar.com
[root@controller ~]# keystone tenant-create --name=demo --description="Demo Tenant"
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user=demo --role=_member_ --tenant=demo
#创建一个服务tenant以备后用
[root@controller ~]# keystone tenant-create --name=service --description="Service Tenant"
设定Keystone为API endpoint
[root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name=keystone --type=identity
> --description="OpenStack Identity"
#为上面新建的service添加endpoint
[root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create
> --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk '/ identity / {print $2}')
> --publicurl=http://controller:5000/v2.0
> --internalurl=http://controller:5000/v2.0
> --adminurl=http://controller:35357/v2.0
启用基于用户名认证
[root@controller ~]# unset OS_SERVICE_TOKEN OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT
[root@controller ~]# vim ~/admin-openrc.sh
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=admin
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v2.0/
[root@controller ~]# . admin-openrc.sh
#验正新认证机制是否生效
[root@controller ~]# keystone user-list
