本文主要介绍了zabbix进行数据库表分区的方法：
在系统监控中，zabbix已经代替了nagios cacti，zabbix以其良好的图形展示和高度自定义赢得了很多运维人员的喜爱。但是由于在工作中，zabbix跑的时间过长（我们公司跑了将近3年），web页面经常卡顿，监控数据有时很难插入数据库，且数据库队列经常性卡死，经过查看，发现mysql的数据量高达83G，急需瘦身，于是有了此文。
步骤：
代码语言：javascript复制修改表结构：
use zabbix;
Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);
Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id)创建四大存储过程：
- 分区创建的存储过程:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)BEGIN/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
*//*
Verify that the partition does not already exist
*/DECLARE RETROWS INT;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN/*
1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
3. Execute the SQL from #2.
*/SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;- 分区删除的存储过程:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)BEGIN/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
*/DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16); /*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
*/DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR SELECT partition_name
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE; /*
Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
should be deleted.
*/SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
SET @drop_partitions = ""; /*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/OPEN myCursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
END LOOP;
IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN/*
1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
*/SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
ELSE/*
No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
that no changes were made.
*/SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;- 分区维护的存储过程:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;
CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
SET @__interval = 1;
create_loop: LOOP
IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
LEAVE create_loop;
END IF;
SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval – 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
END IF;
SET @__interval=@__interval 1;
SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
END LOOP;
SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m�000');
CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
END$$
DELIMITER ;- 分区校验的存储过程:
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
/*
* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
/*
* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
/*
* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
— Create the partitioning query
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
— Run the partitioning query
PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;存储过程的使用：
- 存储过程如果单独使用：CALL partition_maintenance(zabbix, ‘history_uint’, 31, 24, 14);
- 解释：history_uint表最多保存31天的数据，每隔24小时生成一个分区，这次一共生成14个分区
- 可以使用一个存储过程来实现7张表的分区：
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 180, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 180, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;- 定时任务，使工作自动化：
01 01 * /opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e “CALL partition_maintenance_all(‘zabbix’);”注：建议表分区任务和备份任务一起进行 特别感谢：51的”柠檬“请务必保持出处 附原文链接：http://xianglinhu.blog.51cto.com/5787032/1700981
