Query Rule允许对特定查询或搜索用例进行细致入微的调整，以改变搜索结果。这在需要将品牌或赞助结果固定在搜索结果顶部的活动中非常有用，也可以帮助你在一些常见查询中“修正”顶部结果。
介绍
我们很高兴地宣布，Query Rule现在在我们的无服务器产品中普遍可用，并且将从8.15.0版本开始普遍可用。Query Rule首次在8.10.0版本中作为技术预览功能引入，允许索引维护者根据上下文查询条件策划特定文档，并将其固定在结果顶部。
Query Rule如何工作？
Query Rule流程Query Rule是基于特定查询元数据定义的规则。你首先定义一个Query Rule集，识别在查询中发送的特定元数据时需要提升的文档。在搜索时，你将这些元数据与规则查询一起发送。如果规则查询中的元数据与任何规则匹配，这些规则将应用于你的结果集。
新的Query Rule功能
我们在向普遍可用性迈进的过程中添加了一些新功能。
这些更改的简要总结：
- 我们将规则查询从
rule_query重命名为rule，以便与我们的其他API调用更加一致。 - 我们现在支持在单个规则查询中指定多个规则集。
- 我们扩展了Query Rule集管理API，支持管理单个Query Rule。
这看起来是怎样的？
假设我们有一个包含狗品种信息的索引，其中有两个字段：dog_breed 和 advert。我们想要设置规则，将品种和混合品种固定在同一规则中。以下是一个包含两个规则的示例规则集：
PUT _query_rules/dog-breed-ruleset
{
"ruleset_id": "dog-breed-ruleset",
"rules": [
{
"rule_id": "pug-mixes",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "exact",
"metadata": "breed",
"values": [
"pug"
]
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"pug",
"puggle",
"chug",
"pugshire"
]
},
"priority": 5
},
{
"rule_id": "chi-mixes",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "exact",
"metadata": "breed",
"values": [
"chihuahua"
]
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"chihuahua",
"chiweenie",
"chug"
]
},
"priority": 10
}
]
}解释这个规则集的作用：
- 如果规则查询中发送了
breed: pug，前几个结果将按顺序返回：pug、puggle、chug和pugshire。任何自然结果将排在这些固定结果之后。 - 如果规则查询中发送了
breed: chihuahua，前几个结果将按顺序返回：chihuahua、chiweenie和chug。任何自然结果将排在这些固定结果之后。
需要注意的是每个规则在规则集中的优先级。这是每个规则的可选部分，但它可以帮助你定义单个规则在规则集中插入的位置。规则集按升序优先级排序，如本例所示，它们不必是连续的。在这个规则集中插入一个优先级为4或更低的新规则将把新规则插入到规则集的开头，而优先级在6到9之间将新规则插入到现有两个规则之间。如果将一个不包括优先级的规则添加到规则集中，它将简单地附加到规则集的末尾。
另一个有用的Query Rule功能是我们现在支持多个规则集传递到规则查询。这允许你组织和定义更多的规则；以前你只能限制在单个规则集中包含的规则数量（默认100个，最多可配置到每个规则集1000个）。
接下来，我们创建一个专门用于7月促销的新规则集。这条规则类型为“always”，因此无论什么情况它都将始终返回：
代码语言：javascript复制PUT _query_rules/promo-ruleset
{
"rules": [
{
"rule_id": "july-promo",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "always"
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"july-promotion"
]
}
}
]
}现在，我们可以使用以下查询一起查询这些规则集：
代码语言：javascript复制GET query-rules-test/_search
{
"query": {
"rule": {
"organic": {
"query_string": {
"query": "chihuahua mixes"
}
},
"ruleset_ids": [
"promo-ruleset",
"dog-breed-ruleset"
],
"match_criteria": {
"breed": "chihuahua"
}
}
}
}由于指定了两个规则集，我们将按请求中指定的顺序处理每个规则集。这意味着7月促销规则将始终作为第一个结果返回，而匹配的狗品种将随后被固定，在一个结果中显示如下：
代码语言：javascript复制 "hits": [
{
"_index": "query-rules-test",
"_id": "july-promotion",
"_score": 1.7014128e 38,
"_source": {
"advert": "EVERYTHING ON SALE!"
}
},
{
"_index": "query-rules-test",
"_id": "chihuahua",
"_score": 1.7014126e 38,
"_source": {
"dog_breed": "chihuahua"
}
},
{
"_index": "query-rules-test",
"_id": "chiweenie",
"_score": 1.7014124e 38,
"_source": {
"dog_breed": "chiweenie"
}
},
{
"_index": "query-rules-test",
"_id": "chug",
"_score": 1.7014122e 38,
"_source": {
"dog_breed": "chug"
}
},
... // 自然结果随之返回...
]这些是简单示例，那么一些更复杂的示例呢？
我们可以帮助你！
让我们继续以狗为主题，但扩展我们测试索引中的映射：
代码语言：javascript复制PUT query-rules-test
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"breed": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"age": {
"type": "integer"
},
"sex": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"name": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"bio": {
"type": "text"
},
"good_with_animals": {
"type": "boolean"
},
"good_with_kids": {
"type": "boolean"
}
}
}
}我们可以将以下json索引到这个索引中作为一些示例数据。为了保持一致性，我们假设_id字段与json中的id字段匹配：
[
{"id":"buddy_pug","breed":"pug","sex":"Male","age":3,"name":"Buddy","bio":"Buddy is a charming pug who loves to play and snuggle. He is looking for a loving home.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"lucy_beagle","breed":"beagle","sex":"Female","age":7,"name":"Lucy","bio":"Lucy is a friendly beagle who enjoys long walks and is very affectionate.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"rocky_chihuahua","breed":"chihuahua","sex":"Male","age":2,"name":"Rocky","bio":"Rocky is a tiny chihuahua with a big personality. He is very playful and loves attention.","good_with_animals":false,"good_with_kids":false},
{"id":"zoe_dachshund","breed":"dachshund","sex":"Female","age":5,"name":"Zoe","bio":"Zoe is a sweet dachshund who loves to burrow under blankets and is very loyal.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"max_poodle","breed":"poodle","sex":"Male","age":6,"name":"Max","bio":"Max is a smart and active poodle who loves learning new tricks and is very friendly.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"bella_yorkie","breed":"yorkie","sex":"Female","age":4,"name":"Bella","bio":"Bella is a cute yorkie who loves to be pampered and is very affectionate.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"jack_puggle","breed":"puggle","sex":"Male","age":8,"name":"Jack","bio":"Jack is a friendly puggle who loves to play and is very social.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"lola_chiweenie","breed":"chiweenie","sex":"Female","age":9,"name":"Lola","bio":"Lola is a playful chiweenie who loves to chase toys and is very affectionate.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"charlie_chug","breed":"chug","sex":"Male","age":3,"name":"Charlie","bio":"Charlie is an energetic chug who loves to play and is very curious.","good_with_animals":false,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"daisy_pugshire","breed":"pugshire","sex":"Female","age":7,"name":"Daisy","bio":"Daisy is a gentle pugshire who loves to cuddle and is very sweet.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"buster_pug","breed":"pug","sex":"Male","age":10,"name":"Buster","bio":"Buster is a calm pug who loves to lounge around and is very loyal.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"molly_beagle","breed":"beagle","sex":"Female","age":12,"name":"Molly","bio":"Molly is a sweet beagle who loves to sniff around and is very friendly.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"toby_chihuahua","breed":"chihuahua","sex":"Male","age":4,"name":"Toby","bio":"Toby is a lively chihuahua who loves to run around and is very playful.","good_with_animals":false,"good_with_kids":false},
{"id":"luna_dachshund","breed":"dachshund","sex":"Female","age":1,"name":"Luna","bio":"Luna is a young dachshund who loves to explore and is very curious.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true},
{"id":"oliver_poodle","breed":"poodle","sex":"Male","age":17,"name":"Oliver","bio":"Oliver is a wise poodle who loves to relax and is very gentle.","good_with_animals":true,"good_with_kids":true}]接下来，创建一个规则集：
代码语言：javascript复制PUT _query_rules/rescue-dog-search-ruleset
{
"rules": [
{
"rule_id": "pugs_and_pug_mixes",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "contains",
"metadata": "query_string",
"values": [
"pug"
]
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"buddy_pug",
"buster_pug",
"jack_puggle",
"daisy_pugshire"
]
}
},
{
"rule_id": "puppies",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "contains",
"metadata": "query_string",
"values": [
"puppy",
"puppies"
]
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"luna_dachsund"
]
}
},
{
"rule_id": "puppies2",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "lte",
"metadata": "preferred_age",
"values": [
2
]
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"luna_dachshund"
]
}
},
{
"rule_id": "adult",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "gt",
"metadata": "preferred_age",
"values": [
2
]
},
{
"type": "lt",
"metadata": "preferred_age",
"values": [
10
]
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"lucy_beagle"
]
}
},
{
"rule_id": "special_needs",
"type": "pinned",
"criteria": [
{
"type": "exact",
"metadata": "work_from_home",
"values": [
"true"
]
},
{
"type": "exact",
"metadata": "fenced_in_yard",
"values": [
"true"
]
},
{
"type": "exact",
"metadata": "kids_in_house",
"values": [
"false"
]
},
{
"type": "exact",
"metadata": "cats_in_house",
"values": [
"false"
]
}
],
"actions": {
"ids": [
"toby_chihuahua"
]
}
}
]
}解释这个规则集：
- 有一个
pugs_and_pug_mixes规则，如果查询字符串包含“pug”，它将固定所有的pug和pug混种。 puppies规则将返回索引中最年轻的狗，如果查询字符串包含“puppy”或“puppies”。- 另一个
puppies2规则将在首选年龄小于或等于2时返回相同的狗。 adult规则将在首选年龄在2到10之间时固定一个特定的比格犬。- 我们有一个复杂的
special_needs规则，只有在潜在的主人在家工作，有围栏的院子，没有孩子或猫在家时才会触发。
让我们看看一些示例查询——这些示例使用match_none作为自然查询，因此返回的唯一结果是规则本身。
代码语言：javascript复制GET query-rules-test/_search
{
"query": {
"rule": {
"organic": {
"match_none": {}
},
"ruleset_ids": [
"rescue-dog-search-ruleset"
],
"match_criteria": {
"query_string": "I like pugs and pug mixes",
"preferred_age": 5
}
}
}
}上述查询将匹配“pug和pug混种”规则，并返回4个pug结果。然而，由于首选年龄为5，我们将返回成年的狗，Lucy the beagle，作为第5个固定结果。
将首选年龄改为1，将使结果中的第5个结果变成小狗：
代码语言：javascript复制GET query-rules-test/_search
{
"query": {
"rule": {
"organic": {
"match_none": {}
},
"ruleset_ids": [
"rescue-dog-search-ruleset"
],
"match_criteria": {
"query_string": "I like pugs and pug mixes",
"preferred_age": 1
}
}
}
}为了匹配特殊需求结果，所有条件都必须匹配：
代码语言：javascript复制{
"query": {
"rule": {
"organic": {
"match_none": {}
},
"ruleset_ids": [
"rescue-dog-search-ruleset"
],
"match_criteria": {
"work_from_home": "true",
"fenced_in_yard": "true",
"kids_in_house": "false",
"cats_in_house": "false"
}
}
}
}如果有一个条件不匹配，这个规则将不会被触发：
代码语言：javascript复制GET query-rules-test/_search
{
"query": {
"rule": {
"organic": {
"match_none": {}
},
"ruleset_ids": [
"rescue-dog-search-ruleset"
],
"match_criteria": {
"work_from_home": "true",
"fenced_in_yard": "true",
"kids_in_house": "false",
"cats_in_house": "true"
}
}
}
}当然！以下是经过优化的Markdown格式的文章：
排查Query Rule
有时候很难判断一个固定Query Rule是否被应用。要确定Query Rule是固定了你想要的文档还是自然返回的，有两种方法。
我们有一个 explain API，但这个并不明显：规则查询会被重写为固定查询，然后再被重写为常量分数查询，所以看起来会像是最大可能的分数：
代码语言：javascript复制"_explanation": {
"value": 1.7014128e 38,
"description": "max of:",
"details": [
{
"value": 1.7014128e 38,
"description": "max of:",
"details": [
{
"value": 1.7014128e 38,
"description": "ConstantScore(_id:([ff 63 68 69 68 61 75 68 75 61]))^1.7014128E38",
"details": []
},
...
]
},
...
]
}对于固定规则，你也可以只返回规则，通过将规则查询与一个匹配为空的查询结合起来，如我们之前为了演示所做的那样：
代码语言：javascript复制GET query-rules-test/_search
{
"query": {
"rule": {
"organic": {
"match_none": {}
},
"ruleset_ids": [
"dog-breed-ruleset",
"super-special-ruleset"
],
"match_criteria": {
"breed": "pug"
}
}
}
}另外，你也可以单独运行自然查询，并将其结果与规则查询的结果进行比较。
接下来是什么？
尽管Query Rule已经普遍可用，但这并不意味着我们的工作已经完成！
我们的路线图上还有许多令人兴奋的功能，包括：
- 支持排除文档和固定文档
- 一个无需API调用即可轻松管理Query Rule的用户界面
- 分析器支持
- ……以及更多！
我们还在探索人们可能感兴趣的其他使用Query Rule的方法。我们很想听到你在 我们的社区页面 上的反馈！
