# 前端图片压缩方案
压缩图片原理:
先通过 js 中 img 构造函数,实例化 img 对象,后将图片的路径给转移到中,再建立一个 canvas 画布,后对画布进行各方面的数值的设置。
如代码所示:
代码语言:javascript复制<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Document</title>
<style>
canvas {
border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="mycanvas" width="1000" height="1000"></canvas>
//设置画布的宽高
</body>
</html>
js 部分
代码语言:javascript复制//图片压缩,利用image对象 和canvas绘图将图像压缩
window.onload = function () {
var mycanvas = document.getElementById("mycanvas");
var ctx = mycanvas.getContext("2d");
var img = new Image();
img.src = "./实验.jpg";
img.onload = function () {
// alert('加载完毕')
// 将图片画到canvas上面上去
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, 500, 500);
};
};
base64 压缩
代码语言:javascript复制//压缩base64方法
function dealImage(base64, w, callback) {
var newImage = new Image();
var quality = 0.6; //压缩系数0-1之间
newImage.src = base64;
newImage.setAttribute("crossOrigin", "Anonymous"); //url为外域时需要
var imgWidth, imgHeight;
newImage.onload = function () {
imgWidth = this.width;
imgHeight = this.height;
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
if (Math.max(imgWidth, imgHeight) > w) {
if (imgWidth > imgHeight) {
canvas.width = w;
canvas.height = (w * imgHeight) / imgWidth;
} else {
canvas.height = w;
canvas.width = (w * imgWidth) / imgHeight;
}
} else {
canvas.width = imgWidth;
canvas.height = imgHeight;
quality = 0.6;
}
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.drawImage(this, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
var base64 = canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg", quality); //压缩语句
callback(base64); //必须通过回调函数返回,否则无法及时拿到该值
};
}
代码语言:javascript复制
/**
* 返回压缩后的base64
* @param file
*/
export function getPicCompress(file: File) {
return (
new Promise() <
string >
((resolve, reject) => {
let quality = 0.8; // 压缩系数0-1之间
let reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
let imgWidth;
let imgHeight;
reader.onload = function (e) {
let image: any = new Image(); // 新建一个img标签(还没嵌入DOM节点)
image.src = e.target.result;
image.onload = function () {
imgWidth = image.width;
imgHeight = image.height;
let canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
if (Math.max(imgWidth, imgHeight) > 1024) {
if (imgWidth > imgHeight) {
canvas.width = 1024;
canvas.height = (1024 * imgHeight) / imgWidth;
} else {
canvas.height = 1024;
canvas.width = (1024 * imgWidth) / imgHeight;
}
} else {
canvas.width = imgWidth;
canvas.height = imgHeight;
quality = 0.8;
}
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ctx.drawImage(this, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
let base64 = canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg", quality); // 压缩语句
resolve(base64); // 必须通过回调函数返回,否则无法及时拿到该值
};
reader.onerror = (error) => reject(error);
};
})
);
}
基本都是通过图片转 canvas 然后通过 toDataURL 到处低质量的图完成的压缩。
toDataURl 方法接收两个参数,返回一个包含图片展示的 data URI 。可以使用 type 参数其类型,默认为 PNG 格式。图片的分辨率为 96dpi。
- type 可选 图片格式,默认为 image/png
- encoderOptions 可选 在指定图片格式为 image/jpeg 或 image/webp 的情况下,可以从 0 到 1 的区间内选择图片的质量。如果超出取值范围,将会使用默认值 0.92。其他参数会被忽略。
- MDN - Canvas.toDataURlopen in new window