1、概述
有时需要将json和yaml格式的配置文件进行相互转换，那么在linux的环境下，yq就是一个很好的命令行的工具。
本文介绍yq工具的安装和基本的使用。
2、yq命令安装
通过以下的命令安装yq命令
代码语言：javascript复制wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/v4.16.2/yq_linux_amd64
&& chmod x yq_linux_amd64
&& mv yq_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/yq安装之后，输入以下的命令，确认yq已经正确的完整安装：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@nctest-snap-test-02 ~]# yq --version
yq (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/) version 4.16.2
[root@nctest-snap-test-02 ~]# 3、yq命令的使用
3.1、yaml转换为json
代码语言：javascript复制yq eval -o json initnginx.yaml |tee initnginx.json最后一个是yaml文件的名字。
输出结果如下：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@nctest-snap-test-02 practises]# yq eval -o json initnginx.yaml |tee initnginx.json
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"kind": "Pod",
"metadata": {
"annotations": {
"cni.projectcalico.org/podIP": "172.23.29.31/32",
"cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs": "172.23.29.31/32",
"kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration": "{"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"initnginx","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx:1.15-alpine","name":"nginx","ports":[{"containerPort":80}],"volumeMounts":[{"mountPath":"/usr/share/nginx/html","name":"workdir"}]}],"dnsPolicy":"Default","initContainers":[{"command":["wget","-O","/work-dir/index.html","https://www.baidu.com"],"image":"busybox","name":"install","volumeMounts":[{"mountPath":"/work-dir","name":"workdir"}]}],"volumes":[{"emptyDir":{},"name":"workdir"}]}}n"
},
"creationTimestamp": "2022-01-11T05:49:56Z",
"managedFields": [
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
"fieldsV1": {
"f:metadata": {
"f:annotations": {
".": {},
"f:kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration": {}
}
},
"f:spec": {
"f:containers": {
"k:{"name":"nginx"}": {
".": {},
"f:imagePullPolicy": {},
"f:name": {},
"f:ports": {
".": {},
"k:{"containerPort":80,"protocol":"TCP"}": {
".": {},
"f:containerPort": {},
"f:protocol": {}
}
},
"f:resources": {},
"f:terminationMessagePath": {},
"f:terminationMessagePolicy": {},
"f:volumeMounts": {
".": {},
"k:{"mountPath":"/usr/share/nginx/html"}": {
".": {},
"f:mountPath": {},
"f:name": {}
}
}
}
},
"f:dnsPolicy": {},
"f:enableServiceLinks": {},
"f:initContainers": {
".": {},
"k:{"name":"install"}": {
".": {},
"f:command": {},
"f:imagePullPolicy": {},
"f:name": {},
"f:resources": {},
"f:terminationMessagePath": {},
"f:terminationMessagePolicy": {},
"f:volumeMounts": {
".": {},
"k:{"mountPath":"/work-dir"}": {
".": {},
"f:mountPath": {},
"f:name": {}
}
}
}
},
"f:restartPolicy": {},
"f:schedulerName": {},
"f:securityContext": {},
"f:terminationGracePeriodSeconds": {},
"f:volumes": {
".": {},
"k:{"name":"workdir"}": {
".": {},
"f:emptyDir": {},
"f:name": {}
}
}
}
},
"manager": "kubectl-client-side-apply",
"operation": "Update",
"time": "2022-01-11T05:49:56Z"
},
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
"fieldsV1": {
"f:metadata": {
"f:annotations": {
"f:cni.projectcalico.org/podIP": {},
"f:cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs": {}
}
}
},
"manager": "calico",
"operation": "Update",
"time": "2022-01-11T05:49:58Z"
},
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
"fieldsV1": {
"f:spec": {
"f:containers": {
"k:{"name":"nginx"}": {
"f:image": {}
}
},
"f:initContainers": {
"k:{"name":"install"}": {
"f:image": {}
}
}
}
},
"manager": "kubectl-edit",
"operation": "Update",
"time": "2022-01-11T06:16:59Z"
},
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
"fieldsV1": {
"f:status": {
"f:conditions": {
"k:{"type":"ContainersReady"}": {
".": {},
"f:lastProbeTime": {},
"f:lastTransitionTime": {},
"f:status": {},
"f:type": {}
},
"k:{"type":"Initialized"}": {
".": {},
"f:lastProbeTime": {},
"f:lastTransitionTime": {},
"f:status": {},
"f:type": {}
},
"k:{"type":"Ready"}": {
".": {},
"f:lastProbeTime": {},
"f:lastTransitionTime": {},
"f:status": {},
"f:type": {}
}
},
"f:containerStatuses": {},
"f:hostIP": {},
"f:initContainerStatuses": {},
"f:phase": {},
"f:podIP": {},
"f:podIPs": {
".": {},
"k:{"ip":"172.23.29.31"}": {
".": {},
"f:ip": {}
}
},
"f:startTime": {}
}
},
"manager": "kubelet",
"operation": "Update",
"time": "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z"
}
],
"name": "initnginx",
"namespace": "default",
"resourceVersion": "11304453",
"selfLink": "/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/initnginx",
"uid": "8f379d58-8bba-4d2b-8b1e-c9fb9f36305b"
},
"spec": {
"containers": [
{
"image": "172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx:1.15-alpine",
"imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent",
"name": "nginx",
"ports": [
{
"containerPort": 80,
"protocol": "TCP"
}
],
"resources": {},
"terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log",
"terminationMessagePolicy": "File",
"volumeMounts": [
{
"mountPath": "/usr/share/nginx/html",
"name": "workdir"
},
{
"mountPath": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount",
"name": "default-token-8ss8s",
"readOnly": true
}
]
}
],
"dnsPolicy": "Default",
"enableServiceLinks": true,
"initContainers": [
{
"command": [
"wget",
"-O",
"/work-dir/index.html",
"https://www.baidu.com"
],
"image": "busybox:1.0",
"imagePullPolicy": "Always",
"name": "install",
"resources": {},
"terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log",
"terminationMessagePolicy": "File",
"volumeMounts": [
{
"mountPath": "/work-dir",
"name": "workdir"
},
{
"mountPath": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount",
"name": "default-token-8ss8s",
"readOnly": true
}
]
}
],
"nodeName": "172.20.59.57",
"preemptionPolicy": "PreemptLowerPriority",
"priority": 0,
"restartPolicy": "Always",
"schedulerName": "default-scheduler",
"securityContext": {},
"serviceAccount": "default",
"serviceAccountName": "default",
"terminationGracePeriodSeconds": 30,
"tolerations": [
{
"effect": "NoExecute",
"key": "node.kubernetes.io/not-ready",
"operator": "Exists",
"tolerationSeconds": 300
},
{
"effect": "NoExecute",
"key": "node.kubernetes.io/unreachable",
"operator": "Exists",
"tolerationSeconds": 300
}
],
"volumes": [
{
"emptyDir": {},
"name": "workdir"
},
{
"name": "default-token-8ss8s",
"secret": {
"defaultMode": 420,
"secretName": "default-token-8ss8s"
}
}
]
},
"status": {
"conditions": [
{
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2022-01-11T05:50:08Z",
"status": "True",
"type": "Initialized"
},
{
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z",
"status": "True",
"type": "Ready"
},
{
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z",
"status": "True",
"type": "ContainersReady"
},
{
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2022-01-11T05:49:57Z",
"status": "True",
"type": "PodScheduled"
}
],
"containerStatuses": [
{
"containerID": "docker://d3d78a9b51867e9fe5ea1844c1e2f80776efdbc25a6fba97a5e0485daf92ff7d",
"image": "172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx:1.15-alpine",
"imageID": "docker-pullable://172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx@sha256:478a73bcec93acc3e814ddd6fb2f95c6f6b4b0d0f168a4feaa039513d260a5d9",
"lastState": {
"terminated": {
"containerID": "docker://54e79b997c6cae2d39af27e3ede4f9e7e184c34f2b7b94110cd94ea02cd82356",
"exitCode": 143,
"finishedAt": "2022-01-11T06:16:59Z",
"reason": "Error",
"startedAt": "2022-01-11T06:09:25Z"
}
},
"name": "nginx",
"ready": true,
"restartCount": 2,
"started": true,
"state": {
"running": {
"startedAt": "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z"
}
}
}
],
"hostIP": "172.20.59.57",
"initContainerStatuses": [
{
"containerID": "docker://9d2aec37255a02a2b13abced64717057eb100dd329bc6b6529211e30595f1c93",
"image": "busybox:latest",
"imageID": "docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678",
"lastState": {},
"name": "install",
"ready": true,
"restartCount": 0,
"state": {
"terminated": {
"containerID": "docker://9d2aec37255a02a2b13abced64717057eb100dd329bc6b6529211e30595f1c93",
"exitCode": 0,
"finishedAt": "2022-01-11T05:50:08Z",
"reason": "Completed",
"startedAt": "2022-01-11T05:50:05Z"
}
}
}
],
"phase": "Running",
"podIP": "172.23.29.31",
"podIPs": [
{
"ip": "172.23.29.31"
}
],
"qosClass": "BestEffort",
"startTime": "2022-01-11T05:49:57Z"
}
}这样就将yaml格式的文件转为json格式的了。输出到控制台同时保存到了文件。
3.2、json转换为yaml
代码语言：javascript复制yq eval -P initnginx.json | tee initnginx.yml执行过程如下：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@nctest-snap-test-02 practises]# yq eval -P initnginx.json | tee initnginx.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
annotations:
cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 172.23.29.31/32
cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 172.23.29.31/32
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
{"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"initnginx","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx:1.15-alpine","name":"nginx","ports":[{"containerPort":80}],"volumeMounts":[{"mountPath":"/usr/share/nginx/html","name":"workdir"}]}],"dnsPolicy":"Default","initContainers":[{"command":["wget","-O","/work-dir/index.html","https://www.baidu.com"],"image":"busybox","name":"install","volumeMounts":[{"mountPath":"/work-dir","name":"workdir"}]}],"volumes":[{"emptyDir":{},"name":"workdir"}]}}
creationTimestamp: "2022-01-11T05:49:56Z"
managedFields:
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:annotations:
.: {}
f:kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {}
f:spec:
f:containers:
k:{"name":"nginx"}:
.: {}
f:imagePullPolicy: {}
f:name: {}
f:ports:
.: {}
k:{"containerPort":80,"protocol":"TCP"}:
.: {}
f:containerPort: {}
f:protocol: {}
f:resources: {}
f:terminationMessagePath: {}
f:terminationMessagePolicy: {}
f:volumeMounts:
.: {}
k:{"mountPath":"/usr/share/nginx/html"}:
.: {}
f:mountPath: {}
f:name: {}
f:dnsPolicy: {}
f:enableServiceLinks: {}
f:initContainers:
.: {}
k:{"name":"install"}:
.: {}
f:command: {}
f:imagePullPolicy: {}
f:name: {}
f:resources: {}
f:terminationMessagePath: {}
f:terminationMessagePolicy: {}
f:volumeMounts:
.: {}
k:{"mountPath":"/work-dir"}:
.: {}
f:mountPath: {}
f:name: {}
f:restartPolicy: {}
f:schedulerName: {}
f:securityContext: {}
f:terminationGracePeriodSeconds: {}
f:volumes:
.: {}
k:{"name":"workdir"}:
.: {}
f:emptyDir: {}
f:name: {}
manager: kubectl-client-side-apply
operation: Update
time: "2022-01-11T05:49:56Z"
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:annotations:
f:cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: {}
f:cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: {}
manager: calico
operation: Update
time: "2022-01-11T05:49:58Z"
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:spec:
f:containers:
k:{"name":"nginx"}:
f:image: {}
f:initContainers:
k:{"name":"install"}:
f:image: {}
manager: kubectl-edit
operation: Update
time: "2022-01-11T06:16:59Z"
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:status:
f:conditions:
k:{"type":"ContainersReady"}:
.: {}
f:lastProbeTime: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
k:{"type":"Initialized"}:
.: {}
f:lastProbeTime: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
k:{"type":"Ready"}:
.: {}
f:lastProbeTime: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
f:containerStatuses: {}
f:hostIP: {}
f:initContainerStatuses: {}
f:phase: {}
f:podIP: {}
f:podIPs:
.: {}
k:{"ip":"172.23.29.31"}:
.: {}
f:ip: {}
f:startTime: {}
manager: kubelet
operation: Update
time: "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z"
name: initnginx
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "11304453"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/initnginx
uid: 8f379d58-8bba-4d2b-8b1e-c9fb9f36305b
spec:
containers:
- image: 172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx:1.15-alpine
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
protocol: TCP
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
name: workdir
- mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
name: default-token-8ss8s
readOnly: true
dnsPolicy: Default
enableServiceLinks: true
initContainers:
- command:
- wget
- -O
- /work-dir/index.html
- https://www.baidu.com
image: busybox:1.0
imagePullPolicy: Always
name: install
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /work-dir
name: workdir
- mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
name: default-token-8ss8s
readOnly: true
nodeName: 172.20.59.57
preemptionPolicy: PreemptLowerPriority
priority: 0
restartPolicy: Always
schedulerName: default-scheduler
securityContext: {}
serviceAccount: default
serviceAccountName: default
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
tolerations:
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300
volumes:
- emptyDir: {}
name: workdir
- name: default-token-8ss8s
secret:
defaultMode: 420
secretName: default-token-8ss8s
status:
conditions:
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2022-01-11T05:50:08Z"
status: "True"
type: Initialized
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z"
status: "True"
type: Ready
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z"
status: "True"
type: ContainersReady
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2022-01-11T05:49:57Z"
status: "True"
type: PodScheduled
containerStatuses:
- containerID: docker://d3d78a9b51867e9fe5ea1844c1e2f80776efdbc25a6fba97a5e0485daf92ff7d
image: 172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx:1.15-alpine
imageID: docker-pullable://172.20.45.174:81/base/nginx@sha256:478a73bcec93acc3e814ddd6fb2f95c6f6b4b0d0f168a4feaa039513d260a5d9
lastState:
terminated:
containerID: docker://54e79b997c6cae2d39af27e3ede4f9e7e184c34f2b7b94110cd94ea02cd82356
exitCode: 143
finishedAt: "2022-01-11T06:16:59Z"
reason: Error
startedAt: "2022-01-11T06:09:25Z"
name: nginx
ready: true
restartCount: 2
started: true
state:
running:
startedAt: "2022-01-11T06:18:21Z"
hostIP: 172.20.59.57
initContainerStatuses:
- containerID: docker://9d2aec37255a02a2b13abced64717057eb100dd329bc6b6529211e30595f1c93
image: busybox:latest
imageID: docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678
lastState: {}
name: install
ready: true
restartCount: 0
state:
terminated:
containerID: docker://9d2aec37255a02a2b13abced64717057eb100dd329bc6b6529211e30595f1c93
exitCode: 0
finishedAt: "2022-01-11T05:50:08Z"
reason: Completed
startedAt: "2022-01-11T05:50:05Z"
phase: Running
podIP: 172.23.29.31
podIPs:
- ip: 172.23.29.31
qosClass: BestEffort
startTime: "2022-01-11T05:49:57Z"这样就将json格式的文件转换为yaml格式。
ok以上就是yq工具的常见用法。
