Harmony Ble蓝牙App(二)连接与发现服务

2023-11-24 10:38:09 浏览数 (1)

Ble蓝牙App(二)连接与发现服务

前言

  在上一篇中我们进行扫描设备的处理,本文中进行连接和发现服务的数据处理,运行效果图如下所示:

正文

  现在我们在ScanSlice扫描设备,选中一个设备进入MainAbilitySlice,下面要对选中的设备进行处理,首先我们来做连接。

一、BlePeripheral回调

  在之前我们写了一个BleCore,这里面是对扫描的封装,那么对于连接来说我们同样可以封装到这里,我们可以在BleCore中写一个BleDeviceCallback 类,继承自BlePeripheralCallback, 代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
    private class BleDeviceCallback extends BlePeripheralCallback {

        /**
         * 连接状态改变
         * @param connectionState 状态码
         */
        @Override
        public void connectionStateChangeEvent(int connectionState) {

        }

        /**
         * 发现服务
         * @param status 状态
         */
        @Override
        public void servicesDiscoveredEvent(int status) {

        }
    }

  因为本文要做的事情是连接和发现服务,所以我们就先重写这两个方法,注意一点的是,蓝牙的操作都是在子线程中进行的,如果我们需要知道当前是否连接,则需要写一个接口用于回调到MainAbilitySlice中,在core包下新建一个BleCallback接口,代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
public interface BleCallback {
    
    /**
     * 设备的所有信息
     *
     * @param info 信息
     */
    void deviceInfo(String info);

    /**
     * 连接状态
     *
     * @param state true or false
     */
    void connectionStateChange(boolean state);

    /**
     * 发现服务
     *
     * @param services 服务列表
     */
    void servicesDiscovered(List<GattService> services);
}

  接口中定义了三个方法,通过注释我们清晰的知道都是什么作用,这里着重介绍第一个函数,这个函数会显示设备各个时候的状态信息,从连接之后的所有动作,如果我们需要保存设备的操作日志的话,可以通过这个来进行处理保存。

然后回到BleCore,声明变量和设置接口回调的方法:

代码语言:javascript复制
    private final BleDeviceCallback mBleDeviceCallback;
    private BleCallback bleCallback;
    private BlePeripheralDevice mDevice;
    private boolean mIsConnected;
	
    public BleCore(Context context) {
        ...
        //蓝牙设备类
        mBleDeviceCallback = new BleDeviceCallback();
    }	
    
    public void setBleCallback(BleCallback bleCallback) {
        this.bleCallback = bleCallback;
    }

    private void deviceInfo(String info) {
        if (bleCallback != null) {
            bleCallback.deviceInfo(info);
        }
    }

    private void connectState(boolean state) {
        mIsConnected = state;
        if (bleCallback != null) {
            bleCallback.connectionStateChange(state);
        }
    }
    
    public void setDevice(BlePeripheralDevice device) {
        mDevice = device;
    }

这里就是对设备信息和连接做了一个处理,下面我们增加连接和断连的方法。

二、连接和断连

在BleCore中增加如下代码:

代码语言:javascript复制
    public boolean isConnected() {
        return mIsConnected;
    }
    
    public void connect() {
        if (mDevice == null) return;
        deviceInfo("连接设备...");
        mDevice.connect(false, mBleDeviceCallback);
    }

    public void disconnect() {
        if (mDevice == null) return;
        deviceInfo("断开连接设备...");
        mDevice.disconnect();
    }

连接与断开连接,调用时会触发connectionStateChangeEvent()方法。

三、连接状态回调

下面修改这个方法的代码,如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
        @Override
        public void connectionStateChangeEvent(int connectionState) {
            String address = mDevice.getDeviceAddr();
            if (connectionState == ProfileBase.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                deviceInfo("连接成功:"   address);
                connectState(true);
            } else if (connectionState == ProfileBase.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                deviceInfo("断开连接成功:"   address);
                connectState(false);
                mDevice.close();
            }
        }

  在回调中,连接成功和断开连接都会有一个对应的状态码,通过状态回调到接口函数中,然后回到MainAbilitySlice中使用一下这个回调,首先我们修改一下ability_main.xml中的代码,如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:background_element="$color:bg_color"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <DirectionalLayout
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:alignment="vertical_center"
        ohos:background_element="$color:blue"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        ohos:start_padding="12vp">

        <Text
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text="操作设备"
            ohos:text_color="#FFF"
            ohos:text_font="HwChinese-medium"
            ohos:text_size="18fp"
            ohos:weight="1"/>

        <Text
            ohos:id="$ id:tx_disconnect"
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:end_margin="6vp"
            ohos:padding="8vp"
            ohos:text="断开连接"
            ohos:text_color="#FFF"
            ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    </DirectionalLayout>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$ id:tx_device_info"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:text="设备信息"
        ohos:padding="12vp"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <ListContainer
        ohos:id="$ id:lc_service"
        ohos:height="match_parent"
        ohos:width="match_parent"/>

</DirectionalLayout>

  在XML中只增加了两个Text,分别用于断连和显示设备状态,下面我们写Slice之间的跳转,也就是从ScanSlice跳转到MainAbilitySlice。首先我们在MainAbility中增加action,代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
public class MainAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        ...

        // add action for ability
        addActionRoute("action.main", MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());
    }
}

然后去config.json中增加配置,如下图所示:

然后我们回到ScanSlice中,在Item的点击事件中添加如下代码:

代码语言:javascript复制
        //列表item点击监听
        lcDevice.setItemClickedListener((listContainer, component, position, id) -> {
            //设置设备
            bleCore.setDevice(mList.get(position).getDevice());
            Intent jumpIntent = new Intent();
            Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                    .withAction("action.main")
                    .withDeviceId("")
                    .withBundleName("com.llw.ble")
                    .withAbilityName("com.llw.ble.MainAbility")
                    .build();
            jumpIntent.setOperation(operation);
            startAbility(jumpIntent);
        });

  这里跳转的代码比较多,跳转之前设置了设备进去,这种方式也是官方推荐的方式。然后我们修改MainAbility中的代码,如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements BleCallback {

    private static final String TAG = MainAbilitySlice.class.getSimpleName();
    private Text txDisconnect;
    private Text txDeviceInfo;
    private ListContainer lcService;

    private BleCore bleCore;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);

        txDisconnect = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tx_disconnect);
        txDeviceInfo = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tx_device_info);
        lcService = (ListContainer) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_lc_service);

        bleCore = BleApp.getBleCore();
        bleCore.setBleCallback(this);
        //连接设备
        bleCore.connect();

        txDisconnect.setClickedListener(component -> {
            if (bleCore.isConnected()) {
                bleCore.disconnect();
            } else {
                bleCore.connect();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void deviceInfo(String info) {
        getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
            LogUtils.LogD(TAG, info);
            txDeviceInfo.setText(info);
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void connectionStateChange(boolean state) {
        getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> txDisconnect.setText(state ? "断开连接" : "连接"));
    }

    @Override
    public void servicesDiscovered(List<GattService> services) {

    }
}

  使用BleCoreconnect()方法进行连接设备,在onStart()方法中进行BleCore的赋值,然后设置Ble的回调,实现BleCallback接口,重写里面的函数,当连接成功之后会通过回调deviceInfo()得到设备状态,因为是子线程所以在ui线程中渲染UI。而connectionStateChange()函数,回调连接成功或者失败,如果成功则为ture,就显示txDisconnect控件,此时连接成功,点击这个txDisconnect就会断开连接,点击监听就在onStart()中写好了,下面我们运行一下看看效果。

从这个效果图来看,我们连接成功之后有状态,点击断开连接也会有状态改变,那么连接就写好了。

四、发现服务

  连接写好了,下面可以写发现服务了,我们可以在连接成功的处理中进行发现服务,下面我们修改一下BleDeviceCallback中的connectionStateChangeEvent()方法中的代码,如下图所示:

通过mDevice.discoverServices()进行发现服务的动作,在此之前通过deviceInfo()设置当前的动作状态,发现服务执行会触发servicesDiscoveredEvent()回调,在这个回调中我们可以回调到页面,修改代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
        @Override
        public void servicesDiscoveredEvent(int status) {
            if (status == BlePeripheralDevice.OPERATION_SUCC) {
                deviceInfo("发现"   mDevice.getServices().size()   "服务");
                if (bleCallback != null) {
                    bleCallback.servicesDiscovered(mDevice.getServices());
                }
            }
        }

  在回调中设置发现服务的个数,然后回调,因为服务是多个的,那么下面我们就需要使用一个列表是装载服务,之前我们就已经在ability_main.xml中写好了。

五、服务提供者

  要显示服务列表数据,首先需要一个提供者,而提供者又需要一个item去渲染数据,下面我们在layout下创建一个item_service.xml,代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="$color:white"
    ohos:bottom_margin="2vp"
    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
    ohos:end_padding="16vp"
    ohos:start_padding="16vp"
    ohos:top_padding="8vp">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$ id:tx_service_name"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="服务"
        ohos:text_size="16fp"/>

    <Button
        ohos:id="$ id:tx_uuid_title"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:below="$id:tx_service_name"
        ohos:text="UUID:"
        ohos:text_color="$color:gray"
        ohos:text_size="16fp"
        ohos:top_margin="2vp"/>

    <Button
        ohos:id="$ id:tx_uuid"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:below="$id:tx_service_name"
        ohos:end_of="$id:tx_uuid_title"
        ohos:text="UUID"
        ohos:text_size="16fp"
        ohos:top_margin="2vp"/>

    <Button
        ohos:id="$ id:tx_service_info"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:below="$id:tx_uuid_title"
        ohos:text="PRIMARY SERVICE"
        ohos:text_color="$color:gray"
        ohos:text_size="16fp"
        ohos:top_margin="2vp"/>

</DependentLayout>

下面我们在ble包下新建一个BleUtils类,代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
public class BleUtils {

    public static final String generic = "-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB";

    public static String getServiceUUID(UUID uuid) {
        return "0x"   uuid.toString().substring(4, 8).toUpperCase();
    }

    /**
     * 获取蓝牙服务名称
     *
     * @param uuid UUID
     */
    public static String getServiceName(UUID uuid) {
        String targetUuid = getServiceUUID(uuid);
        switch (targetUuid) {
            case "0x1800":
                return "Generic Access service";
            case "0x1801":
                return "Generic Attribute service";
            case "0x1802":
                return "Immediate Alert service";
            case "0x1803":
                return "Link Loss service";
            case "0x1804":
                return "Tx Power service";
            case "0x1805":
                return "Current Time service";
            case "0x1806":
                return "Reference Time Update service";
            case "0x1807":
                return "Next DST Change service";
            case "0x1808":
                return "Glucose service";
            case "0x1809":
                return "Health Thermometer service";
            case "0x180A":
                return "Device Information service";
            case "0x180D":
                return "Heart Rate service";
            case "0x180E":
                return "Phone Alert Status service";
            case "0x180F":
                return "Battery service";
            case "0x1810":
                return "Blood Pressure service";
            case "0x1811":
                return "Alert Notification service";
            case "0x1812":
                return "Human Interface Device service";
            case "0x1813":
                return "Scan Parameters service";
            case "0x1814":
                return "Running Speed and Cadence service";
            case "0x1815":
                return "Automation IO service";
            case "0x1816":
                return "Cycling Speed and Cadence service";
            case "0x1818":
                return "Cycling Power service";
            case "0x1819":
                return "Location and Navigation service";
            case "0x181A":
                return "Environmental Sensing service";
            case "0x181B":
                return "Body Composition service";
            case "0x181C":
                return "User Data service";
            case "0x181D":
                return "Weight Scale service";
            case "0x181E":
                return "Bond Management service";
            case "0x181F":
                return "Continuous Glucose Monitoring service";
            case "0x1820":
                return "Internet Protocol Support service";
            case "0x1821":
                return "Indoor Positioning service";
            case "0x1822":
                return "Pulse Oximeter service";
            case "0x1823":
                return "HTTP Proxy service";
            case "0x1824":
                return "Transport Discovery service";
            case "0x1825":
                return "Object Transfer service";
            case "0x1826":
                return "Fitness Machine service";
            case "0x1827":
                return "Mesh Provisioning service";
            case "0x1828":
                return "Mesh Proxy service";
            case "0x1829":
                return "Reconnection Configuration service";
            case "0x183A":
                return "Insulin Delivery service";
            case "0x183B":
                return "Binary Sensor service";
            case "0x183C":
                return "Emergency Configuration service";
            case "0x183D":
                return "Authorization Control service";
            case "0x183E":
                return "Physical Activity Monitor service";
            case "0x183F":
                return "Elapsed Time service";
            case "0x1840":
                return "Generic Health Sensor service";
            case "0x1843":
                return "Audio Input Control service";
            case "0x1844":
                return "Volume Control service";
            case "0x1845":
                return "Volume Offset Control service";
            case "0x1846":
                return "Coordinated Set Identification service";
            case "0x1847":
                return "Device Time service";
            case "0x1848":
                return "Media Control service";
            case "0x1849":
                return "Generic Media Control service";
            case "0x184A":
                return "Constant Tone Extension service";
            case "0x184B":
                return "Telephone Bearer service";
            case "0x184C":
                return "Generic Telephone Bearer service";
            case "0x184D":
                return "Microphone Control service";
            case "0x184E":
                return "Audio Stream Control service";
            case "0x184F":
                return "Broadcast Audio Scan service";
            case "0x1850":
                return " Published Audio Capabilities service";
            case "0x1851":
                return "Basic Audio Announcement service";
            case "0x1852":
                return "Broadcast Audio Announcement service";
            case "0x1853":
                return "Common Audio service";
            case "0x1854":
                return "Hearing Access service";
            case "0x1855":
                return "Telephony and Media Audio service";
            case "0x1856":
                return "Public Broadcast Announcement service";
            case "0x1857":
                return "Electronic Shelf Label service";
            default:
                return "Unknown Service";
        }
    }
}

  这里需要说明一下蓝牙的UUID,蓝牙UUID(Universally Unique Identifier)是用于唯一标识蓝牙设备和服务的一种标识符。它是一个128位长的数字,在蓝牙通信中起到唯一标识的作用。蓝牙UUID按照标准分为两种类型:

  1. 16位UUID:这些UUID通常用于蓝牙标准定义的一些通用服务和特性。例如,设备名称服务的UUID是 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB。
  2. 128位UUID:这些UUID通常用于自定义的服务和特性,以确保全球唯一性。可以自行生成一个128位的UUID作为自定义的服务或特性标识。例如,一个自定义的服务UUID可以是 0000XXXX-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB,其中的 XXXX 部分可以是任意的16进制数字。

在蓝牙通信中,设备使用UUID来发布和查找服务以及识别特性。UUID是蓝牙设备之间进行通信时的重要标识,确保了设备和服务的唯一性。

那么getServiceName()中的键你就知道是什么意思了,0x1800就是16进制数字,而对应的值则是SIG定义的,可以参考这个文档:Assigned_Numbers.pdf。如果你的值找不到对应的,那说明它不是SIG规范的,你这个服务UUID就是自己公司自定义的。

下面我们写提供者,在provider包下新建一个ServiceProvider类,代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
public class ServiceProvider extends BaseItemProvider {

    private final List<GattService> serviceList;
    private final AbilitySlice slice;

    public ServiceProvider(List<GattService> list, AbilitySlice slice) {
        this.serviceList = list;
        this.slice = slice;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return serviceList == null ? 0 : serviceList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        if (serviceList != null && position >= 0 && position < serviceList.size()) {
            return serviceList.get(position);
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public Component getComponent(int position, Component component, ComponentContainer componentContainer) {
        final Component cpt;
        ServiceHolder holder;

        GattService service = serviceList.get(position);
        if (component == null) {
            cpt = LayoutScatter.getInstance(slice).parse(ResourceTable.Layout_item_service, null, false);
            holder = new ServiceHolder(cpt);
            //将获取到的子组件信息绑定到列表项的实例中
            cpt.setTag(holder);
        } else {
            cpt = component;
            // 从缓存中获取到列表项实例后,直接使用绑定的子组件信息进行数据填充。
            holder = (ServiceHolder) cpt.getTag();
        }

        holder.txServiceName.setText(BleUtils.getServiceName(service.getUuid()));
        holder.txUuid.setText(BleUtils.getServiceUUID(service.getUuid()));
        
        return cpt;
    }

    /**
     * 用于保存列表项的子组件信息
     */
    public static class ServiceHolder {
        Text txServiceName;
        Text txUuid;
        public ServiceHolder(Component component) {
            txServiceName = (Text) component.findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tx_service_name);
            txUuid = (Text) component.findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tx_uuid);
        }
    }
}

这里的代码就是比较简单的,就是基本的写法,下面回到MainAbilitySlice中进行显示数据。

六、显示服务

首先声明变量:

代码语言:javascript复制
    private final List<GattService> serviceList = new ArrayList<>();
    private ServiceProvider serviceProvider;

然后实现OnItemClickListener 接口

代码语言:javascript复制
public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements BleCallback, ListContainer.ItemClickedListener {

重写onItemClicked()方法,并且增加了一个showMsg,这个Toast的可定制化做的很多。

代码语言:javascript复制
    @Override
    public void onItemClicked(ListContainer listContainer, Component component, int position, long id) {
        showMsg(serviceList.get(position).getUuid().toString());
    }

    private void showMsg(String msg) {
        ToastDialog toastDialog = new ToastDialog(getContext());
        toastDialog.setSize(DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT, DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);
        toastDialog.setDuration(2000);
        toastDialog.setText(msg);
        toastDialog.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER);
        Text toastText = (Text) toastDialog.getComponent();
        if (toastText != null) {
            toastText.setMultipleLine(true);
            toastText.setTextSize(14, Text.TextSizeType.FP);
            toastText.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
            toastText.setPadding(40, 20, 40, 20);
            ShapeElement toastBackground = new ShapeElement();
            toastBackground.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(24, 196, 124));
            toastBackground.setCornerRadius(60f);
            toastText.setBackground(toastBackground);
        }
        toastDialog.show();
    }

然后在onStart()方法中初始化服务提供者,代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        ...

        serviceProvider = new ServiceProvider(serviceList, this);
        lcService.setItemProvider(serviceProvider);
        lcService.setItemClickedListener(this);
    }

修改servicesDiscovered()方法,代码如下所示:

代码语言:javascript复制
    @Override
    public void servicesDiscovered(List<GattService> services) {
        getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
            serviceList.clear();
            serviceList.addAll(services);
            serviceProvider.notifyDataChanged();
        });
    }

这里的写法其实和扫描设备哪里如出一辙,下面我们运行一下看看,什么效果。

七、源码

如果对你有所帮助的话,不妨 StarFork,山高水长,后会有期~

源码地址:HarmonyBle-Java

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