一．准备工作
python开发环境
二．预览
1.启动
启动以后自动定位所在城市，展示定位城市的天气。
2.添加城市
3.展示多个城市天气
添加天气之后能够显示多个城市天气信息。
三．设计流程
1.获取城市天气信息过程
用此流程图展示定位城市信息到获取城市天气信息过程。
四．源代码
1.Weather_Tool-v1.0.py
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
from tkinter import messagebox
from Weather_Spider import Weather_Get
from threading import Thread
import datetime
import time
'''
5-1
1.打开首页定位当前位置获取天气 (ip定位+jieba分词+城市号+城市天气) **5.11实现**
2.用户手动选择，查看当前所选城市天气 （Toplevel+Combobox） **已实现**
5-14
1.加入notepad，显示多个城市天气 （notebook Frame） **已实现**
2.频繁刷新检测（线程计时10秒） **已实现**
3.用户选择主题 (Menu.add_radiobutton()) **已实现**
4.一个窗口多个Combobox，怎样处理选择事件 **已实现**
5-15
1.右击notebook frame标题出现“关闭”菜单 **已砍掉**
2.用户添加了城市后，label出现在了最后的Frame中 **未实现**
'''
imgs=['./img/loading.png']
class App:
def __init__(self):
self.w=Tk()
self.w.title('天气预报小工具-v1.0')
width=600
height=282
left=(self.w.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2
top=(self.w.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2
self.w.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top))
self.w.iconbitmap('biticon.ico')
self.w.resizable(False,False)
self.cerate_widgets()
self.first_launch()
self.set_widgets()
self.place_widgets()
self.thread_it(self.show_local_weather)
self.w.mainloop()
def cerate_widgets(self):
self.note=ttk.Notebook()
self.f1=Frame()
self.tree=ttk.Treeview(self.f1)
self.l1_var=StringVar()
self.l1=ttk.Label(self.f1,textvariable=self.l1_var)
self.m=Menu(self.w)
self.w['menu']=self.m
self.s1=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
self.s2=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
self.s3=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False)
def set_widgets(self):
self.location=[]
style = ttk.Style(self.w)
style.theme_use("default")
columns=('rq','tq','flfx','zdqw','zgqw')
self.tree.config(show='headings',columns=columns)
self.tree.column(columns[0],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=95,width=110)
self.tree.column(columns[1],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=60,width=70)
self.tree.column(columns[2],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
self.tree.column(columns[3],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
self.tree.column(columns[4],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100)
self.tree.heading('rq', text='日期')
self.tree.heading('tq', text='天气')
self.tree.heading('flfx', text='风向风力')
self.tree.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温')
self.tree.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温')
self.m.add_cascade(label='开始',menu=self.s1)
self.s1.add_command(label='aaa',command='')
self.s1.add_separator()
self.s1.add_command(label='退出',command=self.quit_window)
self.m.add_cascade(label='操作',menu=self.s2)
self.s2.add_command(label='刷新',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.refresh_weather))
self.s2.add_command(label='添加城市',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.select_city),state='disable')
s2_sub = Menu(self.s2, tearoff=0)
self.s2.add_separator()
self.s2.add_cascade(label='更换主题',menu=s2_sub)
self.m.add_cascade(label='关于',menu=self.s3)
self.s3.add_command(label='关于作者',command=lambda :messagebox.showinfo('关于作者','作者很神秘，什么都没留下'))
self.tree.tag_configure('evenColor',background='lightblue')
self.w.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',self.quit_window)
themes=[ 'default','clam', 'alt', 'classic']
self.themevar=StringVar()
for i,t in enumerate(themes):
s2_sub.add_radiobutton(label=t,variable=self.themevar,command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.change_theme),value=t)
self.themevar.set('default')
def place_widgets(self):
self.note.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=282)
self.tree.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150)
self.l1.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600)
def first_launch(self):
'''
第一次启动，展示加载图片提示信息
:return:
'''
self.start_time=time.time()
paned = PanedWindow(self.w)
self.img = imgs
img = Image.open(self.img[0])
paned.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
self.load_img = Label(self.w, image=paned.image)
self.load_lab = Label(self.w, text='Loading...')
self.load_img.pack()
self.load_lab.pack()
def show_local_weather(self):
'''
展示定位天气信息
:return:
'''
self.l1_var.set('正在刷新天气......')
items = self.tree.get_children()
for item in items:
self.tree.delete(item)
try:
city,item=Weather_Get().get_local_weather()
self.load_img.destroy()
self.load_lab.destroy()
self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal')
self.note.add(self.f1,text=city)
i=0
for data in item['recent']:
self.tree.insert('', i, values=(
data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温')))
i+=1
self.l1_var.set(f'今天：{self.show_date()}
当前所在地区：{city}
当前气温：{item["now"]}
感冒指数：{item["ganmao"]}')
except TypeError:
messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败！')
self.l1_var.set('天气信息加载失败！')
self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal')
def refresh_weather(self):
"""
刷新天气后，10秒内不能点击刷新
:return:
"""
self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='disable')
self.show_local_weather()
self.thread_it(self.wait_time)
def wait_time(self):
'''
线程计时10s，十秒后刷新按钮可点击
:return:
'''
time.sleep(10)
self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='normal')
def show_date(self):
"""
展示日期信息，便于天气展示
:return:
"""
date = str(datetime.date.today())
year,month,day=date.split('-')
week_day_dict = {
0: '星期一',
1: '星期二',
2: '星期三',
3: '星期四',
4: '星期五',
5: '星期六',
6: '星期日 ',
}
now=datetime.datetime.now()
date_index = now.weekday()
return f'{year}年{month}月{day}日 {week_day_dict[date_index]}'
def select_city(self):
'''
Toplevel让用户选择城市，后台获取城市号
:return:
'''
self.t=Toplevel()
self.t.resizable(0,0)
width=300
height=140
left=(self.t.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2
top=(self.t.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2
self.t.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top))
self.t.title('选择城市')
self.tl1=ttk.Label(self.t,text='请选择城市：')
self.tl1.pack()
provinces=Weather_Get().get_provinces()
self.tc1=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly',value=provinces)
self.tc2=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly')
self.tc1.pack()
self.tc1.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc2_value)
self.tc2.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc3_value)
self.tc2.pack()
self.tc3=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly')
self.tc3.pack()
self.tb1=ttk.Button(self.t,text='选择',command=lambda :self.thread_it(self.ack_city))
self.tb1.pack(pady=10)
#----待完善
def ack_city(self):
'''
Toplevel中选择了城市，选择使用notebook中建立Frame展示所选城市信息
:return:
'''
cityno=self.get_city_no()
weather_item=Weather_Get().get_weather(cityno)
location=self.province_name+self.city_name+self.region
if location in self.location:
messagebox.showwarning('警告','此城市已添加，请勿重复添加！')
else:
self.location.append(location)
self.f2= Frame(takefocus=True)
self.note.add(self.f2, text=location)
self.tree2 = ttk.Treeview(self.f2)
columns = ('rq', 'tq', 'flfx', 'zdqw', 'zgqw')
self.tree2.config(show='headings', columns=columns)
self.tree2.column(columns[0], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=95, width=110)
self.tree2.column(columns[1], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=60, width=70)
self.tree2.column(columns[2], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)
self.tree2.column(columns[3], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)
self.tree2.column(columns[4], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100)
self.tree2.heading('rq', text='日期')
self.tree2.heading('tq', text='天气')
self.tree2.heading('flfx', text='风向风力')
self.tree2.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温')
self.tree2.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温')
self.tree2.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150)
# label_='label'+str(self.click_no)
# label_var='label'+str(self.click_no)+'_var'
self.fl1_var=StringVar()
self.fl1=ttk.Label(self.f2,textvariable=self.fl1_var)
self.fl1.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600)
items = self.tree2.get_children()
for item in items:
self.tree2.delete(item)
try:
item = weather_item
city=location
i = 0
for data in item['recent']:
self.tree2.insert('', i, values=(
data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温')))
i += 1
self.fl1_var.set(f'今天：{self.show_date()}
当前所在地区：{city}
当前气温：{item["now"]}
感冒指数：{item["ganmao"]}')
except TypeError:
messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败！')
self.fl1_var.set(f'{city}天气信息加载失败！')
self.t.destroy()
def change_tab(self,*args):
pass
def show_tc2_value(self,event):
'''
展示"市"级信息
:param event:
:return:
'''
self.tc2.config(value=[])
self.tc3.config(value=[])
self.province_name=self.tc1.get()
cities=Weather_Get().get_cities(self.province_name)
self.tc2.config(value=cities)
def show_tc3_value(self,event):
'''
展示"区/县"级信息
:param event:
:return:
'''
self.city_name=self.tc2.get()
regions=Weather_Get().get_regions(self.province_name,self.city_name)
self.tc3.config(value=regions)
def get_city_no(self):
"""
根据省、市、区、县 获取城市号
:return: 城市号
"""
self.region=self.tc3.get()
city_no=Weather_Get().get_city_id_by_add(self.province_name,self.city_name,self.region)
return city_no
def change_theme(self,):
'''
更换主题
:return:
'''
theme=self.themevar.get()
style = ttk.Style(self.w)
style.theme_use(theme)
def quit_window(self):
ret=messagebox.askyesno('退出','是否要退出？')
if ret:
self.w.destroy()
def thread_it(self,func,*args):
'''
防止线程冲突
:param func:
:param args:
:return:
'''
t=Thread(target=func,args=args)
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
a=App()2.Weather_Spider.py
#coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
from lxml import etree
import jieba
class Weather_Get():
def __init__(self):
self.base_ip_url='http://ip-api.com/json'
self.location_url='https://ip.tool.chinaz.com/'
#获取中国国内城市--number接口
self.city_number_url='http://static.2ktq.com/sktq/common/city_China.json'
#天气查询接口
self.base_weather_url='http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?citykey={}'
self.headers={
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36',
}
self.item=self.get_city_item()
def request(self,url,headers):
"""
请求url，可自定义请求头
:param url: 请求的url
:param headers: 自定义的请求头
:return: 网页文本数据
"""
s=requests.session()
s.keep_alive=False
try:
r=s.get(url,headers=headers)
r.encoding='utf-8'
if r.status_code==200:
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
else:
return None
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
return None
def get_city(self):
"""
通过ip定位到当前城市
:return:所在省市位置信息
"""
my_headers={
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Host': 'ip.tool.chinaz.com',
'sec-ch-ua': '"Google Chrome";v="89", "Chromium";v="89", ";Not A Brand";v="99"',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1'
}
res = etree.HTML(self.request(self.location_url,headers=my_headers))
location = res.xpath('//div[@class="WhoIpWrap jspu"]//span[@class="Whwtdhalf w30-0 lh24 tl ml80"]/em/text()')
#结巴分词好费时间啊
jieba_cut_result = jieba.lcut(''.join(location))
try:
#去除首位的国家和网络类型
del jieba_cut_result[0]
del jieba_cut_result[-1]
item = {}
# 如果结果为类似 石家庄裕华 则自动加入市区
if jieba_cut_result[0]!=jieba_cut_result[1]:
item['province'] = jieba_cut_result[0] + '市'
item['city'] = jieba_cut_result[1] + "区"
return item
else:
# 如果结果为类似 北京北京 则自动加入市
item['province'] = jieba_cut_result[0] + '市'
item['city'] = jieba_cut_result[1] + "市"
return item
except IndexError:
return False
def get_city_item(self):
res =self.request(self.city_number_url,headers=self.headers)
item=eval("{'cities':"+res+"}")
return item
def get_provinces(self):
province=[p for p in self.item['cities']]
#print(province)
return province
def get_cities(self,province):
cities_=self.item['cities'][province]
cities=[city for city in cities_.keys()]
return cities
def get_regions(self,province,city):
regions_=self.item['cities'][province][city]
regions=[region for region in regions_.keys()]
#print(province,city,regions)
return regions
def get_city_id_by_add(self,province,city,region=''):
if region=='':
city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][city].replace('CN','')
else:
city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][region].replace('CN','')
return city_no
def get_cityid(self,province,city):
"""
通过省、市在字典中查找对应的城市号
:param province: 省
:param city: 市
:return: 城市号
"""
if province in self.item['cities'].keys():
try:
#河北省唐山市唐山市（通常的省市）
number=self.item['cities'][province].get(city).get(city).replace('CN','')
return number
except AttributeError:
number=self.item['cities'][province].get(province).get(city).replace('CN','')
return number
else:
print('未检索到关于{}{}的信息！'.format(province,city))
def get_weather(self,number):
weather_data = json.loads(self.request(self.base_weather_url.format(number),self.headers))
# pprint.pprint(weather_data)
data=weather_data['data']
item={}
yesterday={}
item_list=[]
yesterday['日期']=data['yesterday']['date']+'（昨天）'
item['now']=data['wendu']+'℃'
item['ganmao']=data['ganmao']
yesterday['天气']=data['yesterday']['type']
yesterday['风力风向']=data['yesterday']['fx']+data['yesterday']['fl'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','')
yesterday['最低气温']=data['yesterday']['low'].replace('低温 ','')
yesterday['最高气温']=data['yesterday']['high'].replace('高温 ','')
item_list.append(yesterday)
count=0
for weateher in data['forecast']:
item2={}
if count==0:
date=weateher['date']+'（今天）'
elif count==1:
date=weateher['date']+'（明天）'
elif count==2:
date=weateher['date']+'（后天）'
else:
date=weateher['date']+f'（{count-1}天后）'
item2['日期']=date
item2['天气'] = weateher['type']
item2['风力风向']=weateher['fengxiang']+weateher['fengli'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','')
item2['最低气温'] = weateher['low'].replace('低温 ', '')
item2['最高气温'] = weateher['high'].replace('高温 ', '')
item_list.append(item2)
count+=1
item['recent']=item_list
return item
def get_local_weather(self):
item=Weather_Get().get_city()
if item:
p=item['province']
c=item['city']
number=Weather_Get().get_cityid(p,c)
weather=Weather_Get().get_weather(number)
return p+c,weather
else:
return False五．总结
本次使用Tkinter写了一款天气预报小工具，基本支持全国每个省市的天气预报，支持历史天气（昨天）查看，虽然基本功能能够实现，但是仍旧存在两个小问题：
1.添加超过两个城市天气后，具体城市信息会显示在最新添加的Freame中。
2.ip定位不准确。
本程序还有两个特色：
1.支持更换主题。
2.程序首次启动加入了加载过渡。
小结
以上就是python制作天气预报工具的详细开发过程，更多学习python GUI页面开发的资料请关注W3Cschool其它相关文章！
